次磷酸铝协同硼酸锌阻燃聚乙烯

以次磷酸铝(AHP)和硼酸锌(ZB)为复合阻燃剂,通过熔融共混法制备了阻燃聚乙烯(PE)材料,研究了AHP和ZB对PE的协同阻燃效应。 结果表明,AHP、ZB阻燃剂在PE基体中分散均匀;添加质量分数为25%AHP阻燃剂,PE材料的极限氧指数值(LOI)提升至25%,通过垂直燃烧测试(UL-94(3.2 mm))V-2级,显示出良好的阻燃效果;引入ZB后,材料LOI值呈先升高后下降趋势,在m(AHP):m(ZB)=21:4时,出现峰值,达到27.2%,并通过UL-94(3.2 mm)V-1级;热失重分析(TGA)结果显示,AHP、ZB阻燃剂能同时提高PE材料的热稳定性和成炭率,当m(AHP):m(ZB)=17:8时,残渣率达到25.7%。     

基于4-(2,4-二羧基苯氧基)邻苯二甲酸配体的锌配位聚合物的合成、结构及其荧光传感性能

基于H₄dpa和bpy(H₄dpa=4-(2,4-二羧基苯氧基)邻苯二甲酸,bpy=4,4''-联吡啶)为配体,在水热条件下设计、合成了金属锌配位聚合物(Zn-CP)[Zn(H₂dpa)(bpy)_1.5]_n (1),并用元素分析、红外光谱、X射线单晶衍射等对其进行了结构表征。在1中相邻Zn²⁺与H₂dpa^2-离子和bpy配位形成的一维双链结构,相邻的一维双链通过氢键作用扩展形成三维超分子网结构。荧光研究表明:1是一种灵敏度高、选择性好、多响应的荧光传感器,可用于农药和硝基爆炸物的检测。有趣的是,2,4,6-三硝基苯(TNP)和嘧霉胺(Pth)对1的荧光发射显示出明显的猝灭效果,而抑霉唑(Ima)对1有荧光增强效果。此外,通过紫外可见吸收光谱、荧光寿命以及X射线光电子能谱探究了1的荧光传感机理。     

Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Naphthoquinone-Fused Phosphorous Heterocycles via Mannich-Type Reaction

A series of naphthoquinone-fused phosphorus heterocycles was synthesized via a three-component Mannich-type reaction. 2-Chloroethoxylphosphorodichloridite was used as a phosphorus substrate to explore the structure–activity relationships of the 2-position of the heterocycles. One spiral heterocycle compound was structurally characterized by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.     

聚合物单晶生长的三维相场模拟研究

利用元胞自动机方法与相场模型的结合建立新型三维模拟相场模型.同时,为模拟真实的、三维的高分子结晶的过程,采用元胞自动机方法离散方程,且元胞几何形状的选取符合真实聚合物晶格扩散方式的物理规律,以及新建立的相场模型套用间规聚丙烯的实验参数.利用该模型模拟了多种三维立方体或者薄层的晶体形貌及其相互之间的演化过程,包括正方形、长方形、菱形、六边形、多层单晶等.通过模拟结果与真实形貌作对比来证明所建立的相场模型真实可靠性.     

Preparation and characterization of high-rate and long-cycle LiFePO4/C nanocomposite as cathode material for lithium-ion battery

Olivine LiFePO₄/C nanocomposite cathode materials with small-sized particles and a unique electrochemical performance were successfully prepared by a simple solid-state reaction using oxalic acid and citric acid as the chelating reagent and carbon source. The structure and electrochemical properties of the samples were investigated. The results show that LiFePO₄/C nanocomposite with oxalic acid (oxalic acid: Fe²⁺= 0.75:1) and a small quantity of citric acid are single phase and deliver initial discharge capacity of 122.1 mAh/g at 1 C with little capacity loss up to 500 cycles at room temperature. The rate capability and cyclability are also outstanding at elevated temperature. When charged/discharged at 60 °C, this materials present excellent initial discharge capacity of 148.8 mAh/g at 1 C, 128.6 mAh/g at 5 C, and 115.0 mAh/g at 10 C, respectively. The extraordinarily high performance of LiFePO₄/C cathode materials can be exploited suitably for practical lithium-ion batteries.     

Zinc–Organic Battery with a Wide Operation‐Temperature Window from −70 to 150 °C

Aqueous zinc (Zn) batteries have been considered as promising candidates for grid‐scale energy storage. However, their cycle stability is generally limited by the structure collapse of cathode materials and dendrite formation coupled with undesired hydrogen evolution on the Zn anode. Herein we propose a zinc–organic battery with a phenanthrenequinone macrocyclic trimer (PQ‐MCT) cathode, a zinc‐foil anode, and a non‐aqueous electrolyte of a N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) solution containing Zn²⁺. The non‐aqueous nature of the system and the formation of a Zn²⁺–DMF complex can efficiently eliminate undesired hydrogen evolution and dendrite growth on the Zn anode, respectively. Furthermore, the organic cathode can store Zn²⁺ ions through a reversible coordination reaction with fast kinetics. Therefore, this battery can be cycled 20 000 times with negligible capacity fading. Surprisingly, this battery can even be operated in a wide temperature range from ?70 to 150 °C.     

新型潜香化合物3,6-二甲基-2,5-吡嗪二甲酸二薄荷醇酯的热裂解产物

为开发新型高温释放型烟用香料,以2,3,5,6-四甲基吡嗪和薄荷醇为原料,经过酯化反应制备了3,6-二甲基-2,5-吡嗪二甲酸二薄荷醇酯(DPAME).采用在线热裂解-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(Py-GC-MS)在空气氛围和不同的温度(300、600和900 ℃)下,对DPAME进行热裂解研究,裂解产物经GC-MS进行了定性和半定量分析.结果表明,DPAME在300 ℃下裂解产生了多种有致香效果的醛类、薄荷烯和薄荷醇等;在600 ℃和900 ℃下裂解产生了烯烃类、烷基吡嗪、薄荷醇和薄荷烯等香味物质,并且吡嗪类的种类和相对含量在这两个温度下明显增加.结合DPAME的热裂解产物分析和卷烟感官评吸结果,初步推测了其可能的裂解机理.采用该方法可以方便、快速地分离鉴定物质的热裂解产物,为该物质在烟草中的加香应用提供理论依据.     

无皂乳液聚合法制备非球形聚苯乙烯粒子研究

采用苯乙烯(St)、二乙烯基苯(DVB)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为单体,在乙醇和水混合介质中通过无皂乳液聚合法制备了非球形聚苯乙烯(PS)粒子。通过FT-IR、TEM和激光粒度及电位分析仪对粒子的结构、形貌、粒径以及Zeta电位进行了表征。结果表明,所合成PS粒子均含三种单体结构单元,且形貌上均为非球形;随着DVB用量的增加,PS粒子形貌更趋于球形,粒径和单分散系数均逐渐增加;随DMC用量增加,PS粒子粒径随之增加,单分散系数逐渐减小,表面Zeta电位也逐渐增加;KHCO3用量的增加能使PS粒子粒径和单分散系数均增加;随着醇水比的减小,PS粒子粒径逐渐减小,而单分散系数则逐渐增加。     

水介质中ATRP法制备PDMAEMA及其温敏性

在30℃下以溴化亚铜-溴化铜混合物为催化剂,五甲基二乙烯三胺(PMDETA)为配体,在水介质中利用原子转移自由基聚合法(ATRP)合成聚合度达到300的聚甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基乙酯(PDMAEMA)。核磁共振结果显示,聚合反应符合一级反应动力学描述。利用紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)表征该聚合物的温敏性,结果表明,随着PDMAEMA聚合物链长的增加,其最低临界溶解温度(LCST)可降低至31.4℃。     

Threading Chalcogenide Layers with Polymer Chains

Inserting polymers into a crystalline inorganic matrix to understand the structure, position, and the structure–property relationships of the resulting composites is important for designing new inorganic‐organic materials and tuning their properties. Single crystals of polymer‐chalcogenide composites were successfully prepared by trapping polyethyleneglycol within a selenidostannate matrix under surfactant‐thermal conditions. This work might provide a new strategy for preparing novel crystalline polymer‐inorganic composites through encapsulating polymer chains within inorganic matrices.