Copolymers of fluorene and thiophene with conjugated side chain for polymer solar cells: Effect of pendant acceptors

Two copolymers of fluorene and thiophene with conjugated side‐chain pending acceptor end group of cyanoacetate ( P2 ) and malononitrile ( P3 ) were synthesized. Both polymers exhibit good thermal stability and low highest occupied molecular orbital level (?5.5 eV). In comparison with P2 , P3 exhibits stronger UV–vis absorption and higher hole mobility. Polymer solar cells based on P3 :PC₇₁BM exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 1.33% under AM 1.5, 100 mW/cm², which is three times of that based on P2 :PC₇₁BM. The higher efficiency is attributed to better absorption, higher hole mobility, and the reduced phase separation scale in P3 :PC₇₁BM blend. The aggregate domain size in P3 :PC₇₁BM blend is 50 nm, much smaller than that in P2 :PC₇₁BM blend (200 nm). Tiny difference in the end groups on side chains of P2 and P3 leads to great difference in phase separation scale, charge transport, and efficiency of their photovoltaic devices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011     

A micromechanics model for FRC composites

A multiscale model for FRC composite structures taking into consideration the complex interactions at the scales of the fiber and microcracks is proposed. At the scale of the single fiber, a semi-analytical model characterizes the microslip behavior at the interface between the matrix and the fiber in terms of the overall composite stresses. The influence of fiber bundles on microcrack bridging and arrest is taken into account within the framework of linear elastic fracture mechanics. Upscaling to the macroscopic level using continuum micromechanics shows that the macroscopic deformation of the FRC composite is governed by a ’TERZAGHI’ like effective stress. For the finite element analyses of failure behavior at the scale of the composite structure, an ’interface solid element’ technique is used to consider localized cracking. Selected numerical and semi-analytical results together with experimental validations are provided. (© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

壳体初始形状对球形容器液压胀形结果的影响

借助于数值模拟研究了锥台形壳体液压胀形过程中可能出现的质量问题，以及壳体的初始形状对成形结果的影响，在此基础上提出了锥台形壳体的改进方案，以避免壳体的起皱，并最终获得预期的球形容器或椭球形容器。     

A class of bifurcation solutions of almost-periodic parametric vibration systems

A class of bifurcation solutions of almost-periodic (a. p. for short) parametric vibration systems is studied by Liapunov-Schmidt reduction. The bifurcation diagrams and formulas are given. The Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

TORSIONAL VIBRATIONS OF RIGID CIRCULAR PLATE ON TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC SATURATED SOIL

An analytical method was presented for the torsional vibrations of a rigid disk resting on transversely isotropic saturated soil. By Hankel transform, the dynamic governing differential equations for transversely isotropic saturated poroelastic medium were solved. Considering the mixed boundary-value conditions, the dual integral equations of torsional vibrations of a rigid circular plate resting on transversely isotropic saturated soil were established. By appropriate transform, the dual integral equations were converted into a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. Subsequently, the dynamic compliance coefficient, the torsional angular amplitude of the foundation and the contact shear stress were expressed explicitly. Selected examples were presented to analyse the influence of saturated soil's anisotropy on the foundation's vibrations.     

边界拟合坐标系下的差分有限元破开算子法

在边界拟合坐标系下给出耦合了有限差分法和有限单元法的新型的破开算子法.利用该方法,Navier-Stokes方程被分解成对流方程和扩散方程,对流方程采用稳定性好的有限差分法求解,而扩散方程则采用有限单元法求解.由于计算是基于非均匀网格,采用边界加密的51×51网格就达到了前人在计算雷诺数为5000的方腔环流时采用的257×257均匀网格的效果,对于瑞利数Rt=107的竖腔自然对流的计算进一步表明,提出的方法是有效的.对于Re=105的高雷诺数方腔受驱环流,得到了非稳态、非周期的和带有随机特征的流场结构.     

槽道湍流近壁结构的DPIV观测实验

采用DPIV系统(由两台CCD相机组成)对槽道湍流进行速度场时间历程的观测实验，通 过对大量测量结果的综合分析，取得了槽道湍流近壁结构的空间结构及其时间演化过程特征 的结果，可以揭示上扫下掠、湍流瞬时速度型等现象与大尺度涡演化的物理关系，解释若干 湍流大尺度结构的特征机理，还表明DPIV系统提供了一种定量观测湍流的时空结构特征的手 段.     

Efficient and Economic Schemes for Remotely Preparing a Four-Qubit Cluster-Type Entangled State

We propose two novel schemes for remotely preparing a four-qubit cluster-type entangled state (FCES) with complex coefficients by using four EPR pairs and two three-qubit GHZ states as the quantum channel, respectively. To complete the remote state preparation (RSP) schemes, several novel sets of four-and two-qubit measuring basis were introduced. In these schemes, after the sender performs two different projective measurements, the receiver should introduce two auxiliary qubits and employ suitable C-NOT gates on his qubits, the original state can be reconstructed with unit successful probability. Compared with the previous schemes for the RSP of a FCES, the advantage of the present schemes is that the entanglement resource can be reduced.     

Systematic analysis of the structural,elastic, and electronic properties of Ti–Cu–Me (Me=Al,Ga and In) ternary intermetallics

The structural, elastic, and electronic properties of eight intermetallics in Ti–Cu–Me (Me=Al, Ga and In) systems were investigated with the first-principles method. The calculations were performed within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) with the density functional theory (DFT) using the supercell (SC) method. Calculation results show that the SC approximation is accurate at zero pressure. These intermetallics are classified as stable and metastable in our investigation. The stable phases are those presented in the equilibrium phase diagram at room temperature. The metastable phases are those that usually appear in the equilibrium phase diagram at higher temperatures. The values of calculations show that the TiCuAl, Ti₂CuAl₅, and TiCu₂In compounds are brittle, and the Ti_0.5CuAl_0.5, TiCu₂Al, TiCuGa, Ti₂CuGa₅, and Ti_0.5CuIn_0.5 compounds are ductile at zero pressure.     

Frequency-invariant robust adaptive beamforming based on interference covariance matrix reconstruction

Consider the problems of frequency-invariant beampattern optimization and robustness in broadband beamforming.Firstly,a global optimization algorithm,which is based on phase compensation of the array manifolds,is used to construct the frequency-invariant beampattern.Compared with some methods presented recently,the proposed algorithm is not only available to get the global optimal solution,but also simple for physical realization.Meanwhile,a robust adaptive broadband beamforming algorithm is also derived by reconstructing the covariance matrix.The essence of the proposed algorithm is to estimate the space-frequency spectrum using Capon estimator firstly,then integrate over a region separated from the desired signal direction to reconstruct the interference-plus-noise covariance matrix,and finally caleulate the adaptive beamformer weights with the reconstructed matrix.The design of beamformer is formulated as a convex optimization problem to be solved.Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is almost always close to the optimal value across a wide range of signal to noise ratios.