Theoretical exploration on the vibrational and mechanical properties of M3C2/M3C2T2 MXenes

MXenes have attracted intensive attention in chemistry and material science for their special structures and properties. In order to understand the basic physical properties of the M₃C₂/M₃C₂T₂ (MSc, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W; TF, O, OH) MXenes, first-principles calculations are carried out to investigate the structural, vibrational, and mechanical properties in this work. Both the metal atoms and surface groups can significantly influence the configurations or mechanical behaviors of the MXenes. The dehydrogenation tendency is calculated to evaluate the possible forms of the M₃C₂(OH)₂ toward M₃C₂O₂. The work functions of MXenes functionalized by different groups are compared, and the lower work functions for the  OH functionalized ones, which can be as low as 1.358 eV for the Sc₃C₂(OH)₂, suggest potential good performance in electron emission. In addition, the stability, mechanical properties, and the Raman and infrared (IR) activity modes of the MXenes are reported. Generally, functionalized MXenes would present smaller lattice parameters, lower free energies, and stronger mechanical strength compared to their counterparts. The data obtained may provide important theoretical ground for the investigations of the applications of MXenes.     

Crystal Structure and Photoluminescent Properties of Two Cadmium(II) Complexes with Orotic Acid

Abstract  

Assembly of orotic acid (2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid, H₃dtpc) and Cd(OAc)₂·2H₂O gave rise to two complexes [Cd₂(H₂dtpc)₂(H₂O)₆] (I) and [Cd(H₂dtpc)(bpy)(H₂O)]_n (II) (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine). Complex (I) and (II) have been characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction, IR, PXRD, TGA and fluorescence spectra. Structural analyses reveal that (I) is a binuclear structure, and complex (II) possesses a one-dimensional infinite zig-zag chain architecture and the chains are further assembled into 2D supramolecular network by strong hydrogen bonding interactions. Crystal data for (I): Monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, a = 9.3221(19) ?, b = 6.6315(13) ?, c = 15.322(3) ?, β = 102.31(3)°, V = 925.4(3) ?³, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0269, and wR2 = 0.0604; for (II): Monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, a = 9.9880(2) ?, b = 14.5085(2) ?, c = 11.6957(2) ?, β = 107.976(2)°, V = 1612.10(5) ?³, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0234 and wR2 = 0.0554.     

Nanostructured block-random copolymers with tunable magnetic properties

It was recently shown that block copolymers (BCPs) produced room-temperature ferromagnetic materials (RTFMs) due to their nanoscopic ordering and the cylindrical phase yielded the highest coercivity. Here, a series of metal-containing block-random copolymers composed of an alkyl-functionalized homo block (C(16)) and a random block of cobalt complex- (Co) and ferrocene-functionalized (Fe) units was synthesized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Taking advantage of the block-random architecture, the influence of dipolar interactions on the magnetic properties of these nanostructured BCP materials was studied by varying the molar ratio of the Co units to the Fe units, while maintaining the cylindrical phase-separated morphology. DC magnetic measurements, including magnetization versus field, zero-field-cooled, and field-cooled, as well as AC susceptibility measurements showed that the magnetic properties of the nanostructured BCP materials could be easily tuned by diluting the cobalt density with Fe units in the cylindrical domains. Decreasing the cobalt density weakened the dipolar interactions of the cobalt nanoparticles, leading to the transition from a room temperature ferromagnetic (RTF) to a superparamagnetic material. These results confirmed that dipolar interactions of the cobalt nanoparticles within the phase-separated domains were responsible for the RTF properties of the nanostructured BCP materials.     

Exploring of tri-allelic SNPs using pyrosequencing and the SNaPshot methods for forensic application

Tri-allelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are potential forensic markers for DNA analysis. Currently, only a limited number of tri-allelic SNP loci have been proved to be fit for forensic application. In this study, we aimed to develop an effective method to select and genotype tri-allelic SNPs based on both Pyrosequencing (PSQ) and the SNaPshot methods. 50 candidate SNPs were chosen from NCBI's dbSNP database and were analyzed by PSQ. The results revealed that 20 SNPs were tri-allelic and were located on 16 autosomal chromosomes. Then 20 SNP loci were combined in one multiplex polymerase chain reaction to develop a single base extension (SBE)-based SNP-typing assay. A total of 100 unrelated Chinese individuals were genotyped by this assay and allele frequencies were estimated. The total discrimination power was 0.999999999975 and the cumulative probability of exclusion was 0.9937. These data demonstrated that the strategy is a rapid and effective method for seeking and typing tri-allelic SNPs. In addition, the 20 tri-allelic SNP multiplex typing assay may be used to supplement paternity testing and human identification.     

Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of trans-stilbene glycoside in rat plasma and its pharmacokinetic application

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of trans‐stilbene glycoside (SG) in rat plasma. As trans‐SG can be rapidly isomerized under light exposure, trans‐SG plasma samples were prepared in the dark and assayed immediately. Trans‐SG and internal standard were extracted by protein precipitation. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C₁₈ column with a gradient elution program. The detection of analytes was performed by negative ion via multiple reaction monitoring mode. The precursor‐to‐product ions of m/z 405.1 → 242.9 for trans‐SG and m/z 389.1 → 226.9 for polydatin (internal standard) were monitored. No interference of endogenous components was observed for any plasma samples that we studied.The method was linear over the concentration range of 1.0–1000.0 ng/mL with a good correlation coefficient. The lower limit of quantification was 1.0 ng/mL for trans‐SG. The intra and inter‐batch accuracy for trans‐SG in stable rat plasma samples ranged from 93.3 to 102.7% and the variation was less than 8.1%. The extraction recoveries of trans‐SG in rat plasma were from 102.8 to 112.4% and the matrix effects were also acceptable. This method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of trans‐SG in rats after intravenous administration. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

次氯酸钠对硫化橡胶粉表面的氧化改性研究

本文采用次氯酸钠对硫化橡胶粉进行表面氧化改性研究,通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、接触角测量对样品进行了表征和分析,并对其最佳工艺条件进行了探究。通过实验表明,氧化剂用量、反应温度及反应时间对胶粉的氧化反应都有影响。其最佳工艺条件的氧化剂用量为40%,反应温度为40℃左右,反应时间为3小时。     

AgBr/TiO_2异质结型复合可见光催化剂的制备及其光催化活性

以钛酸四丁酯、KBr、AgNO3为前体,合成了具有异质结结构的纳米AgBr/Ti O2复合可见光催化剂.利用XRD、TEM、HRTEM和UV-Vis等方法对催化剂的晶相组成、形貌、粒度、微观结构、吸光性能等进行了表征.光催化降解亚甲基蓝活性结果表明,复合与单组分催化剂的光催化活性顺序为:AgBr/Ti O2AgBrAg-Br/P25P25Ti O2.含光敏剂AgBr的复合及单组份催化剂由于具有对可见光的良好吸收性能而具有较高的光催化活性.对于AgBr/Ti O2光催化剂,随mAgNO3/mTi O2比的增加,光催化活性先增强后减弱,当mAgNO3/mTi O2=3.35时光催化活性最高,分析结果表明,该复合催化剂粒径约15 nm,分散均匀且形成了紧密接触的AgBr/Ti O2异质结微结构,在紫外可见区(250～800 nm)都具有最强的光吸收.     

Vapour‐phase growth,purification and large‐area deposition of ZnO tetrapod nanostructures

Large‐yield zinc oxide (ZnO) nanosized tetrapods have been obtained by a standard vapour‐phase growth technique to which a few modifications have been added, such as the separation of the Zn source evaporation region from the Zn oxidation region inside the reactor setup. This modification allows to keep the growth conditions constant and continuous for a long time, thus favouring the obtainment of large amounts of ZnO tetrapod nanostructures. As some contaminations usually occur due to metallic Zn particles and/or different ZnO nanostructures, including not completely reacted ZnO_1‐x solid phases, they can be removed by a three‐step “purification” procedure as described in the article. Further to that, a deposition method from suitable liquid suspensions is also reported, which allows to produce homogeneous distributions of ZnO tetrapods on large substrate areas. The proposed procedures are expected to be particularly appropriate for a large production of samples for device use. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Constructing Bell Inequality of Four-Qubit Entangled States

In this paper, a Bell inequality is given to study the nonlocality of four-qubit states. It is shown that the inequality is maximally violated by the four-qubit state |ψ〉. Some other states, such as the state |χ〉, the cluster state, violate this inequality, too, but not maximally. And it is not violated by the four-qubit GHZ state. In addition, the state |ψ〉 also violates other bell inequalities, but not so optimally. Therefore the inequality can detect the entanglement of |ψ〉 well, experimentally.