Gamma ray shielding capabilities of rhenium-based superalloys

ABSTRACT

Because of the high radiation dose in applications involving nuclear reactors, medical treatments etc., it is important to reduce the exposure to radiation of areas and workers. In this study, we were examined gamma ray shielding parameters of the newly produced Re-based superalloys. Mass attenuation coefficient (µ/ρ) of the alloys were obtained experimentally at 81, 276, 302, 356, 383 keV photon energies emitted from ¹³³Ba radioactive source using Ultra Ge detector. The experimental results were compared with the values obtained by the WinXCOM program and were found to be in perfect agreement with each other. Additionally, effective atomic number (Z_eff) and electron density (N_eff) were determined for produced Rhenium (Re) based super alloys in the energy range 1 keV–100?GeV. S5 sample which has maximum Rhenium percentage own the largest µ/ρ and Z_eff values. Moreover, by using Geometric Progression (GP) approximation, EABF and EBF were computed for the superalloys depending on the energy and penetration depths. It has been deduced that the values of EABF and EBF are minimum in the medium energy region. EBF and EABF values of the alloys have changed depending on the equivalent atomic number. Among alloy samples under study, S5 superalloy is the best for gamma ray shielding. However, in general, considering the radiation energies used in many applications, all the alloys under study have satisfactory radiation absorption properties.     

Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some new arylidenehydrazides and 4-thiazolidinones

Summary A number of N,N-bis(arylidene)mono(1-methylpropyl)malonic acid dihydrazides (3a–c), 1,1-bis[[(2-aryl-4-thiazolidinone-3-yl)amino]carbonyl]-2-methylbutanes (4a–e), and 1,1-bis[[(3-alkyl/aryl-4-thiazolidinone-2-yl)hydrazono]carbonyl]-2-methylbutanes (6a–i) have been synthesized, characterized and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity. All tested compounds showed significant activity (10 to 60% protection) against pentylenetetrazole induced seizures.

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Synthese einiger neuer Arylidenhydrazide und 4-Thiazolidinone sowie Untersuchung ihrer krampflösenden Eigenschaften

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe von N,N-Bis(aryliden)mono(1-methylpropyl)malonsäure dihydraziden, (3a–c), 1,1-Bis[[2-Aryl-4-thiazolidinon-3-yl)amino]carbonyl]-2-methylbutanen (4a–e) und 1,1-Bis[[3-alkyl/aryl-4-thiazolidinon-2-yl)hydrazono]carbonyl]-2-methylbutanen (6a–i) wurden hergestellt, charakterisiert und auf ihre antikonvulsive Wirkung geprüft. Alle getesteten Substanzen zeigen relevante Aktivitäten gegen durch Pentilentetrazol induzierte Krämpfe (10–60% Schutz).

     

Processing of thermal lens fringes by S-transform

Thermal lens fringes are obtained by using Mach-Zehnder interferometer on the nile-blue/ethanol solution. S-Transform algorithm is used firstly to obtain local phase and refractive index change distributions by analyzing the thermal lens fringes. In the result, it was seen that this method showed a better result than that obtained by continuous wavelet transform in the previous work mentioned in the literature, since the frequency resolution and filtration effect of the S-transform method are better than other algorithms.     

Modified composite cation exchange membrane with enhanced stability and electrochemical performance

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Herein, we elaborated on the feasibility of coupling polyvinyl chloride with tin aluminium molybdophosphate to form composite membranes that facilitate...     

Characterization of CuTe nanofilms grown by underpotential deposition based on an electrochemical codeposition technique

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - This study reports the synthesis of semiconductor CuTe nanofilms using underpotential deposition (UPD) technique based on the simultaneous,...     

Highly Efficient Method Towards In Situ Immobilization of Invertase Using Cryogelation

A novel method was developed for the immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase within supermacroporous polyacrylamide cryogel and was used to produce invert sugar. First, the cross-linking of invertase with soluble polyglutaraldehyde (PGA) was carried out prior to immobilization in order to increase the bulkiness of invertase and thus preventing the leakage of the cross-linked enzyme after immobilization by entrapment. And then, in situ immobilization of PGA cross-linked invertase within cryogel synthesis was achieved by free radical polymerization in semi-frozen state. The method resulted in 100 % immobilization and 74 % activity yields. The immobilized invertase retained all the initial activity for 30 days and 30 batch reactions. Immobilization had no effect on optimum temperature and it was 60 °C for both free and immobilized enzyme. However, optimum pH was affected upon immobilization. Optimum pH values for free and immobilized enzyme were 4.5 and 5.0, respectively. The immobilized enzyme was more stable than the free enzyme at high pH and temperatures. The kinetic parameters for free and immobilized invertase were also determined. The newly developed method is simple yet effective and could be used for the immobilization of some other enzymes and microorganisms.     

A New Chemometric Strategy in Electrochemical Method Optimization for the Quantification of Cefdinir in Tablets,Effervescent Tablets and Suspension Samples

A new voltammetric method, based on the use of single‐use pencil graphite electrode, was developed for the quantitative determination of cefdinir by square wave voltammetry. Chemometric optimization strategy was used to select the suitable values for three experimental parameters (pH of the supporting electrolyte, frequency and square wave amplitude) by applying a 3³ full factorial design model. The optimal voltammetric conditions were found to be pH 5.0 for supporting electrolyte (Britton‐Robinson buffer), 43 mV for square wave amplitude and 108 Hz for frequency. Square wave voltammograms of calibration, validation and unknown samples were recorded between 0.0–1400 mV under the optimized voltammetric conditions. Linear regression equation was computed in the linear working range of 0.5–20 μg/mL by using the relationship between the concentration and peak current at 600 mV. The optimized voltammetric method was validated by assessing the analysis results of validation samples. Then the proposed method was applied for the quantitative determination of cefdinir in three different pharmaceutical preparations, namely film‐coated tablets, effervescent tablets and powder for oral suspension. It was concluded that the proposed voltammetric method was suitable for the quantitative analysis of commercial pharmaceutical preparations containing cefdinir.     

Portfolio optimization for a large investor under partial information and price impact

This paper studies portfolio optimization problems in a market with partial information and price impact. We consider a large investor with an objective of expected utility maximization from terminal wealth. The drift of the underlying price process is modeled as a diffusion affected by a continuous-time Markov chain and the actions of the large investor. Using the stochastic filtering theory, we reduce the optimal control problem under partial information to the one with complete observation. For logarithmic and power utility cases we solve the utility maximization problem explicitly and we obtain optimal investment strategies in the feedback form. We compare the value functions to those for the case without price impact in Bäuerle and Rieder (IEEE Trans Autom Control 49(3):442–447, 2004) and Bäuerle and Rieder (J Appl Prob 362–378, 2005). It turns out that the investor would be better off due to the presence of a price impact both in complete-information and partial-information settings. Moreover, the presence of the price impact results in a shift, which depends on the distance to final time and on the state of the filter, on the optimal control strategy.