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991.
ZHOU Xi LAI Yangyang WU Xiangjiang CHEN Zhongxue ZHONG Faping Al Xinping YANG Hanxi CAO Yuliang 《高等学校化学研究》2021,37(2):274-279
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are promising for grid-scale energy storage applications due to the natural abundance and low cost of sodium.Among various Na insertion cathode materials,Na0.44MnO2 has attracted the most attention because of its cost effectiveness and structural stability.However,the low initial charge capacity for Na-poor Na0.44MnO2 hinders its practical applications.Herein,we developed a facile chemical presodiated method using sodiated biphenly to transform Na-poor Na0.44MnO2 into Na-rich Na0.66MnO2.After presodiation,the initial charge capacity of Na0.44MnO2 is greatly enhanced from 56.5 mA·h/g to 115.7 mA·h/g at 0.1 C(1 C=121 mA/g)and the excellent cycling stability(the capacity retention of 94.1%over 200 cycles at 2 C)is achieved.This presodiation strategy would open a new avenue for promoting the practical applications of Na-poor cathode materials in sodium-ion batteries. 相似文献
992.
直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)的开发设计日渐成为燃料电池领域的研究热点。利用数学模型对内部传递现象进行数值模拟,不仅具有很强的理论意义,而且对结构设计和操作条件优化有很强的指导意义。本文基于两相流模型和CFD(computer fluid dynamics)技术的应用,综述了电池内部绝大多数的传递过程,特别是近些年开发的电池内部与水相关的传递过程的物理模型和数学模型,并以二者的相互联系加以组织。这些模型思想综合考虑了微观传递机理,描述了电池内复杂的传递现象并提供了相应的数值模拟方法和模型验证方法。这些方法能够加深人们对电池内部传质现象的理解,而其实用意义在于能够指导设计和优化电池结构、提高电池的体积和重量比能量密度和缩短开发周期和大幅度降低开发成本。 相似文献
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995.
Jie Meng Zhenyun Lan Weihua Lin Mingli Liang Xianshao Zou Qian Zhao Huifang Geng Ivano E. Castelli Sophie E. Canton Tnu Pullerits Kaibo Zheng 《Chemical science》2022,13(6):1734
Hot carrier (HC) cooling accounts for the significant energy loss in lead halide perovskite (LHP) solar cells. Here, we study HC relaxation dynamics in Mn-doped LHP CsPbI3 nanocrystals (NCs), combining transient absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We demonstrate that Mn2+ doping (1) enlarges the longitudinal optical (LO)–acoustic phonon bandgap, (2) enhances the electron–LO phonon coupling strength, and (3) adds HC relaxation pathways via Mn orbitals within the bands. The spectroscopic study shows that the HC cooling process is decelerated after doping under band-edge excitation due to the dominant phonon bandgap enlargement. When the excitation photon energy is larger than the optical bandgap and the Mn2+ transition gap, the doping accelerates the cooling rate owing to the dominant effect of enhanced carrier–phonon coupling and relaxation pathways. We demonstrate that such a phenomenon is optimal for the application of hot carrier solar cells. The enhanced electron–LO phonon coupling and accelerated cooling of high-temperature hot carriers efficiently establish a high-temperature thermal quasi-equilibrium where the excessive energy of the hot carriers is transferred to heat the cold carriers. On the other hand, the enlarged phononic band-gap prevents further cooling of such a quasi-equilibrium, which facilitates the energy conversion process. Our results manifest a straightforward methodology to optimize the HC dynamics for hot carrier solar cells by element doping.Mn doping modulates the hot carrier dynamics in all-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals according to the excitation energy. 相似文献
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997.
在微波作用下,采用高效催化剂体系,于中等极性非质子溶剂中经卤素交换氟化高效制备了系列含氟芳香醛(酮)类化合物,产品收率53·3%~92·6%,反应时间较常规加热最多可缩短80%以上。采用中等极性反应溶剂,还可突出表现出微波对反应促进的“非热效应”,从而大大拓宽了氟化反应溶剂的选择范围。 相似文献
998.
Fanbo Meng Renzong Hu Zhiwei Chen Liang Tan Xuexia Lan Bin Yuan 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》2021,(5):46-55
Layered Ni-rich cathode materials,LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2(NCM622),are synthesized via solid reaction assisted with a plasma milling pretreatment,which is resulted in lowering sintering temperatures for solid precursors.The plasma milling pretreated NCM622 cathode material sintered at 780℃(named as PM-780)demonstrates good cycling stability at both room and subzero temperatures.Specifically,the PM-780 cathode delivers an initial discharge capacity of 171.2 mAh g-1 and a high capacity retention of 99.7%after 300 cycles with current rate of 90 mA g-1 at 30℃,while stable capacities of 120.3 and 94.0 m Ah g-1 can be remained at-10℃and-20℃in propylene carbonate contained electrolyte,respectively.In-situ XRD together with XPS and SEM reveal that the NCM622 cycled at-10℃presented better structural stability and more intact interface than that of cathodes cycled at 30℃.It is also found that subzero temperatures only limit the discharge potential of NCM622 without destroying its structure during cycling since it still exhibits high discharge capacity at 30℃after cycled at subzero temperatures.This work may expand the knowledge about the low-temperature characteristics of layered cathode materials for Li-ion batteries and lay the foundation for its further applications. 相似文献
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