A high-pressure Raman and X-ray diffraction study of the perovskite SrCeO3

A high-pressure structural study of SrCeO₃ has been performed at room temperature by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction up to 32 and 45 GPa, respectively. A first-order reversible phase transition is observed at about 12 GPa in both techniques. A second weak structural change, taking place between 18 and 25 GPa, can be suspected from Raman data. The increase in the number of Raman bands and diffraction lines is an indication that the symmetry is lowered and the compound does not evolve towards the ideal cubic perovskite structure. A Rietveld analysis of X-ray data was performed for the low-pressure phase and the atomic positions and the cell lattice parameters variations are reported in this paper. The volume compressibility derived from Raman modes (5.6×10⁻¹² Pa⁻¹), involving mainly bond-stretching for each type of polyhedron, is found to be close to the one obtained from volume cell variations measured by X-ray diffraction (7.9×10⁻¹² Pa⁻¹).     

μSR studies of heavy fermion systems

We have performed both zero field and high transverse field measurements at dilution refrigerator temperatures on a number of heavy electron systems, examining the superconducting and magnetic properties of these interesting materials. Among the materials studied to date are UBe₁₃, URu₂Si₂ and U₆Fe. The magnetic field penetration depth in the superconducting state of UBe₁₃ is greater than 10000 Å, as no increase in the transverse field relaxation rate is observed belowT _c . A sharp increase in the precession frequency is seen, starting atT _c . This frequency shift shows little temperature dependence at low temperature; we found no clear evidence for unconventional superconductivity in this material. Zero field measurements in URu₂Si₂ show the weak antiferromagnetic transition at 17.5 K. Finally, we we found no clear evidence for unconventional superconductivity in this material. Zero field measurements in URu₂Si₂ show the weak antiferromagnetic transition at 17.5 K. Finally, we have observed relaxation in high transverse field due to the formation of a flux lattice in U₆Fe, a material where the electron effective mass is rather lighter than in other heavy fermion systems. The relaxation exhibits a sharp onset atT _c=3.9 K, and is flat at low temperatures as expected for a conventional superconductor.     

Magnetism in electron-doped copper oxides

We report muon spin relaxation/rotation measurements on sintered powder samples of Nd_2−x Ce _x CuO_4−y and a large single crystal of Nd₂CuO_4−y . We find an electronic phase diagram which is quite similar to that of hole-doped superconductors such as La_2−x Sr _x CuO_4−y , although the doping of electrons into the system is less efficient in destroying the static moments on the copper spins. Static magnetic order in Nd₂CuO_4−y appears below about 250 K, and two spin reorientations are seen atT=75 K andT=35 K. Measurements of the magnetic field penetration depth have been unsuccessful due to the rare-earth paramagnetism of these materials.     

Wafer and epilayer improvement for integrated optics devices on InP: the ESPRIT project 2518

Ga _x In_1–x As _y P_1–y alloys lattice matched to InP substrates are currently used to fabricate optoelectronic and integrated optics devices. To achieve devices with high performances and high fabrication yield, the uniformity and reproducibility of the Ga _x In_1–x As _y P_1–y epitaxial layers (composition, thickness, doping, etc.) have become key parameters. These problems have been addressed in the frame of ESPRIT project 2518 and are presented in this paper. Several aspects have been considered starting from the optimization of InP substrates, the MOVPE growth of uniform GalnAsP layers, the material characterization to the validation of material uniformity on passive optical waveguides. Both scanning photoluminescence analysis and waveguide losses measurements performed on 2 inch wafers with a high lateral resolution have shown that high quality uniform GalnAsP layers can be obtained reproducibly on 2 InP substrates using a commercially available LP-MOCVD growth process. In particular, more than 60% of 36 mm long, 3m wide and 100m spaced rib waveguides exhibit losses below 0.8dBcm^–1.     

Parameter variation in low-quartz between 94 and 298K

The structure of low quartz has been refined at 94, 115, 150, 190, 240 and 298K using Mo Kα intensities up to 2θ = 90° with residuals around 1.25%. The major structural change from 94 to 298K is an increase of the SiOSi angle from 142.69(4) to 143.65(5) corresponding to a rotation by ～0.8° of a rigid SiO₄ tetrahedron around the crystallographic 2-axis through its central Si. The orientations of the principal axes of vibration of Si and O do not change significantly with temperature. The temperature dependence of the mean-square displacement of O along its principal axes follows the Debye formula of thermal motion quite well, while for Si the experimental slopes are significantly less than their calculated values.     

Proprietes magnetiques et electriques de la phase Ca2MnO4−xFx

The magnetic properties of the antiferromagnetic Ca₂MnO_4?x solid solution (0?x?0,30) are essentially characterized by a weak ferromagnetism with a maximum value for x = 0,20. Spin canting results from the competition between the antiferromagnetic super-exchange couplings and the double exchange ferromagnetic interactions due to the presence of manganese in oxidation states + III and + IV. It seems independent of the site of fluorine in the framework. The variation of Weiss constant and ordering temperature withx is also discussed. Electrical conductivity results from a hopping mechanism between Mn³⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ ions. The electrical conductivity presents a maximum when x = 0.10, corresponding to an activation energy minimum.     

HL-2M 装置真空室设计

HL-2M 真空室结构为“D”形截面的双层-薄壁-全焊接式-环状结构,内环直径 2m,外环径 5.22m, 高 3.02m,由 20 个扇形段组成而成。真空室上开设有 121 个窗口以满足真空抽气、实验诊断、辅助加热及工程安 装等方面的要求;支撑采用滑动杆式结构;材料选用 Inconel625、Inconel718 与 316L 组合。运用有限元法对真空 室进行了结构强度评估,真空室满足设计要求。     

HL-2M 真空室保温层设计及安装

基于 HL-2M 真空室烘烤保温要求,通过有限元分析和原型件实验确定采用陶瓷纤维与纳米级微孔材 料组合作为 HL-2M 真空室保温材料。在 30℃时,保温层的导热系数小于 0.027W⋅m⁻¹·℃⁻¹;300℃时,导热系数 小于 0.038W⋅m⁻¹·℃⁻¹。在保温层厚度 25mm、热面温度 300℃且达到稳态时,冷面可控制在 85℃以下,线圈侧的 温度低于 60℃,整体热损失小于 12kW,满足 HL-2M 真空室烘烤需求。      

Many-body correlations for Raman and Rayleigh collision induced scattering

In this paper, the spectral shape of the collision induced scattering is calculated in the dipole-induced-dipole approximation for the Raman symmetric vibrational band of optically isotropic molecules. Comparison is made with Rayleigh results. Experimental data for Rayleigh and v ₁ Raman band of CF₄ are discussed.     

Using monomer properties to obtain integrated intensities for vibrational transitions of van der Waals complexes

The integrated intensities of vibrational transitions depend on the magnitude of the derivatives of the dipole with respect to nuclear motion. Normally, the only reliable way to compute such derivatives is by tedious and expensive ab initio calculations. In this paper, we present a simplification for weakly bound complexes based on distributed schemes for describing the charge densities and polarizabilities of the monomers. Formulations based on both Cartesian and spherical harmonics are presented. The results for both these schemes agree exactly with each other, and qualitatively with full ab initio calculations for the hydrogen fluoride dimer, (HF)₂.