Saturation of azimuthal anisotropy in Au + Au collisions at (square root)s(NN) = 62-200 GeV

New measurements are presented for charged hadron azimuthal correlations at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at (square root)s(NN) = 62.4 and 200 GeV. They are compared to earlier measurements obtained at (square root)s(NN) = 130 GeV and in Pb + Pb collisions at (square root)s(NN) = 17.2 GeV. Sizeable anisotropies are observed with centrality and transverse momentum (pT) dependence characteristic of elliptic flow (upsilon2). For a broad range of centralities, the observed magnitudes and trends of the differential anisotropy, upsilon2(pT), change very little over the collision energy range (square root)s(NN) = 62-200 GeV, indicating saturation of the excitation function for upsilon2 at these energies. Such a saturation may be indicative of the dominance of a very soft equation of state for (square root)s(NN) approximately 60-200 GeV.     

Energy dependence of elliptic flow over a large pseudorapidity range in Au+Au collisions at the BNL relativistic heavy ion collider

This Letter describes the measurement of the energy dependence of elliptic flow for charged particles in Au+Au collisions using the PHOBOS detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Data taken at collision energies of square root of s(NN)=19.6, 62.4, 130, and 200 GeV are shown over a wide range in pseudorapidity. These results, when plotted as a function of eta(')=|eta|-y(beam), scale with approximate linearity throughout eta('), implying no sharp changes in the dynamics of particle production as a function of pseudorapidity or increasing beam energy.     

Deuteron and antideuteron production in Au+Au collisions at square root of s(NN)=200 GeV

The production of deuterons and antideuterons in the transverse momentum range 1.1相似文献   

Electric field-induced spectrum of carbon disulfide: Excited state dipole moment

The electric field-induced spectrum of carbon disulfide vapor has been observed in a number of vibronic bands in the 3300–3750 Å region of the $\text{B}{}_2\text{←}{}^1\text{Σ}{}_{\mathrm{g}}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$ electronic system. A detailed analysis of the Σ0^g+2 band at 29 241.8 cm^?1 has yielded the electric dipole moment of the bent excited state of the transition as 0.7 ± 0.1 D.Consideration of the lineshapes of the EFS lines in this band gives a confirmation of the value of A′ near 4.3 cm^?1. The ratio of induced absorption intensities perpendicular and parallel to the applied field in various bands correlates with the band-type assignments of Klemens.     

Mannich reactions. Synthesis of 4,5-dihydropyrrolo[l,2-a]quinoxalines, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-pyrrolo[l,2-a] [l,4]diazepines and 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[ 1,2-a] [ 1,4]benzodiazepines

l-(2-Aminophenyl)pyrrole (I) and l-[2-(aminomethyl)]phenylpyrrole hydrochloride (III) undergo cyclization reactions with aldehydes and ketones to form 4,5-dihydropyrrolo[l,2-a]- quinoxalines and 5,6-dihydropyrrolo[l,2-a][l,4]benzodiazepines, respectively. It was also found that the use of the free base of compounds corresponding to III do not cyclize directly but lead instead to the intermediate Schiff bases which are subsequently cyclized to the desired benzodiazepines by treatment with hydrochloric acid.     

Towards understanding the correlation between UO<Subscript>2</Subscript><Superscript>2+</Superscript> extraction and substitute groups in 2,9-diamide-1,10-phenanthroline

2,9-Diamide-1,10-phenanthroline (DAPhen) ligands represent a new family of tetradentate extractants given their strong affinity to actinides and the CHON principle. Among this family, N,N′-diethyl-N,N′-ditolyl-2,9-diamide-1,10-phenanthroline (Et-Tol-DAPhen), initially reported by us, exhibits excellent selectivity towards actinides (U, Th, Am, Pu) over lanthanides and thus can be potentially applied in the group actinide extraction (GANEX) process for the group separation of actinides. In this article, by tailoring the lengths of alkyl chains, we synthesized other four DAPhen ligands with different substitute groups in the diamide moieties, and characterized the relationship between properties and substitute groups of DAPhen ligand. The extraction results show that three of the ligands exhibit high performance in UO₂²⁺ extraction from an acidic solution and the extracted UO₂²⁺ can be easily stripped by only using ultrapure water. Spectrophotometry titration confirms that UO₂²⁺ combined with all the four ligands in 1:1 mode. The extended X-ray absorption finestructure (EXAFS) study shows that six donor atoms comprise the first equatorial shell of the UO₂²⁺ ions bonded by the DAPhen ligands, among which two nitrogen and two oxygen atoms are from the DAPhen ligand, while other two oxygen atoms are from one nitrate ions. This article promises to provide basic data for assessing the feasibility of this kind of DAPhen ligands applied in actinides separation from nuclear wastes.     

Employing an Unsaturated Th4+ Site in a Porous Thorium–Organic Framework for Kr/Xe Uptake and Separation

Actinide based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are unique not only because compared to the transition‐metal and lanthanide systems they are substantially less explored, but also owing to the uniqueness of actinide ions in bonding and coordination. Now a 3D thorium–organic framework ( SCU‐11 ) contains a series of cages with an effective size of ca. 21×24 Å. Th⁴⁺ in SCU‐11 is 10‐coordinate with a bicapped square prism coordination geometry, which has never been documented for any metal cation complexes. The bicapped position is occupied by two coordinated water molecules that can be removed to afford a very unique open Th⁴⁺ site, confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, color change, thermogravimetry, and spectroscopy. The degassed phase ( SCU‐11‐A ) exhibits a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 1272 m² g^?1, one of the highest values among reported actinide materials, enabling it to sufficiently retain water vapor, Kr, and Xe with uptake capacities of 234 cm³ g^?1, 0.77 mmol g^?1, 3.17 mmol g^?1, respectively, and a Xe/Kr selectivity of 5.7.     

EFFECT OF SPACE CHARGE ON THE FREQUENCY OF OSCILLATION IN POSITIVE-GRID OSCILLATORS

In estimating the frequency of oscillation of a positive-grid oscillator, it isusually assumed that the space charge effect is negligible. Under this assumption, the potential distribution in the space between the plane-parallel electrodes is linear. Thus the electric field in the space is uniform and the average velocity of electrpn flight can be used to evaluate the frequency of oscillation. The presence of space charge affects the potential distribution in space so that the electric field in this region is no more constant. Hence more exact formula must be used to compute the frequency of oscillation. The calculation is further complicated by the fact that the anode potential is usually made slightly negative with respect to the cathode. In this case, the location of the virtual cathode at which the electrons turn back does not coincide with that if a straight line potential distribution were assumed. The predicated trequency of oscillation is about 10-20 percent lower than that if space charge were neglected.     

Effects of Various Additives on the Cloud Point of Dodecyl Polyoxyethylene Polyoxypropylene Ether

Effects of various additives, including electrolytes, alcohols and organic acids, polymers, and ionic and nonionic surfactants, on the cloud point of dodecyl polyoxyethylene (5) polyoxypropylene (4) ether nonionic surfactant aqueous solutions are investigated. The salting-out electrolytes decrease the cloud point while salting-in electrolytes increase it. Most alcohols and organic acids can lower the cloud point except for methanol and ethanol. The polymers form complexes with the surfactant and decrease the cloud point. The added surfactants can be inserted into the micelles of the nonionic surfactant and form mixed micelles, thus raising the cloud point.     

长期低剂量YbCl3暴露的神经毒性评价

雌性Wistar大鼠受孕之日起以经口灌胃方式用YbCl3染毒,剂量为0.1,2.0和40 mg Yb·kg^-1体重,对照组灌生理盐水。仔鼠出生后20 d断乳并用相同剂量的YbCl3染毒。用Morris水迷宫评价学习记忆能力,并尝试从大鼠体内微量元素含量变化、大脑海马体中Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性、海马细胞内游离钙水平及脂质过氧化程度等方面评价YbCl3的神经毒性。结果显示,2.0和40 mg·kg^-1体重剂量的YbCl3长期暴露会对大鼠的学习记忆能力产生负面影响,这可能和YbCl3暴露引起的骨骼、血清、肝脏和各脑区中部分微量元素含量发生改变,Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性受到抑制,海马细胞内游离钙水平升高及脂质过氧化程度加剧等因素有关。