Nickel catalyzed Grob fragmentation: Omega-dienyl aldehydes synthesis

With a proper choice of phosphane ligands, a Ni(cod)2-phosphane catalyst promotes decarboxylative ring-opening reaction of a wide structural variety of cyclic carbonates to give omega-dienyl aldehydes in good yields.     

Addition of arylboronic acids to symmetrical and unsymmetrical azo compounds

[reaction: see text] The addition of aryl- and heteroarylboronic acids to azo compounds is described. Copper salt catalysis was necessary to perform the reaction under mild conditions and high yields. Excellent regioselectivity was observed in addition to unsymmetrical azo compounds.     

Formation of an exciplex with mixed ligands in the mercury-photosensitized luminescence of alcohol-amine mixtures in the liquid phase

The liquid-phase mercury-photosensitized luminescence of tert-butyl alcohol (TL)-tert-butylamine (TM) mixtures has been investigated by a steady-state illumination method over a wide range of substrate concentrations. The emission bands from exciplexes (HgTL* and HgTM*) between an excited mercury atom and an alcohol or an amine molecule were observed at about 330 nm and 370 nm, respectively, in TL and TM solutions in cyclohexane. Two other bands appeared at 405 nm and 455 nm for TM at high concentrations. These bands were previously assigned to two types of 1:2 exciplexes (HgTM(2)* and HgTM(2)**). In TL-TM mixed solutions, a new band appeared at about 400 nm. The intensity of this band increased with increasing concentrations of TL and TM. This band was attributed to an exciplex with mixed ligands (HgTLTM*). This band was observed for the first time in this study. The energized intermediate, (HgTLTM*)(not equal), formed between HgAL* and AM can be effectively stabilized by collisions with solvent molecules in solution, while it decomposes to HgAM* and AL in the gas phase. The results for TL-TM mixtures can be explained by the proposed reaction mechanism.     

Phytochemical analysis of the essential oil of Thymus serpyllum L. growing wild in Estonia

Variations in the essential oil composition of Thymus serpyllum L., growing wild in Estonia (33 samples) and in some other countries (Russia, Latvia and Armenia, seven samples) were determined. The oil were obtained from Estonia (46 samples) in yields 0.6-4.4 and 1.9-8.2 mL kg(-1) in other countries. The T. serpyllum herb grown in Estonia usually did not confirmed to the EP standard in the aspect of the essential oil contents (3.0 mL kg(-1)). Variations in the essential oil composition of wild thyme were studied using capillary gas chromatographic methods. A total of 94 components were identified. Thymol and carvacrol, mentioned in literature as principial components, are not the main components of the essential oil of wild thyme growing in Estonia. (E)-nerolidol, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene and borneol chemotypes of wild thyme drug are distinguishable. The chemical composition of samples from Russia, Latvia and Armenia is very variable.     

Nanomosaic: formation of nanodomains confined in a two-dimensional molecular plane

Atomic force microscopy observations of a (hydrocarbon guanidinium/fluorocarbon carboxylic acid) mixed monolayer revealed that a nanoscopic phase-separated structure was formed by a combination of attractive interaction between the oppositely charged head groups and repulsive phase separation of the hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon chains.     

Active ion rate participation in cuprates superconductivity

The missing link between theory and experiment of the cuprates was examined. The missing link was traced to an unknown parameter known as the active ion participation rate (AIPR). Its dimensionality was mathematically derived and its influence over the critical temperature was explained. We show that the AIPR plays an important role in both s-wave and d-wave symmetries. Hence, we proved that AIPR is salient in understanding the high temperature superconducting mechanism in cuprates.     

Efficient methodology for selective alkylation of hydrazine derivatives

Formation and use of a nitrogen dianion for selective hydrazine alkylation is reported. The scope and limitations of a new method were demonstrated. The novel method provides fast and easy access to substituted hydrazines, which are widely used as drugs, pesticides, and precursors for a variety of compounds in organic synthesis. [reaction: see text]     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测鸡肉中9种化学合成类抗球虫药多残留

建立了鸡肉中氯羟吡啶、二硝托胺、4,4′-二硝基均二苯脲(尼卡巴嗪代谢物)、磺胺氯吡嗪、磺胺喹口恶啉、地克珠利、妥曲珠利、妥曲珠利砜和妥曲珠利亚砜9种化学合成类抗球虫药多残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品采用2%乙酸酸化的乙腈/二甲亚砜(4:1, v/v)提取,150 mg二甲基十八碳硅烷粉(octadecylsilyl, ODS)、100 mg石墨化炭黑(graphitized carbon black, GCB)和100 mg弗罗里硅土(Florisil)吸附剂分散固相萃取净化,经Hypersil GOLD C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)分离,电喷雾串联四极杆质谱多反应离子监测方式测定。9种分析物在20～150 μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.995。样品基质中9种分析物在20、50和150 μg/kg加标水平下,平均回收率为81.5%～103.6%,相对标准偏差为4.5%～14.5%。该方法稳定、可靠,可满足鸡肉中化学合成类抗球虫药多残留的检测与确证。