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111.
We carried out detailed calculations for photorefractive wave-mixing switches based on one of three crystals with high electro-optic coefficients, namely, BaTiO3, Strontium Barium Niobate (SBN (0.75)), and Potasium Sodium Strontium Barium Niobate (KNSBN). A comparison of results for the three crystals shows that a 0_-cut BaTiO3 crystal is suitable for a longitudinal switch and requires a voltage of about 80 for a 2-mm-thick crystal to induce sufficient phase mismatch. The electrodes must be transparent for the incident and diffracted beams. A 45_-cut SBN (0.75) crystal, however, is suitable for a lateral switch and requires a voltage of about 150 for a 1-mm-wide crystal. The electrodes do not need to be transparent. 相似文献
112.
113.
Alexandre Stojanovic 《Mathematical Physics, Analysis and Geometry》2004,7(4):347-349
The errata concern mainly the last computations for the universality of the local statistics of eigenvalues at the edge of the spectrum in parts (iii) of Theorems 2.3 and 2.4. 相似文献
114.
We measured the entire region of mesopic and photopic vision to determine the color zone covering the visual field with unique red, yellow, green, and blue hue components. Eight kinds of test stimuli in the natural color system (NCS) color notation system were used. These stimuli were presented at horizontal and vertical meridians, and at meridians inclined at 45° angles. The illuminance level was set at six levels: 0.01 lx-1000 lx. The evaluation method measured chromatic, white, and black components as well as the hue component of the stimuli. Results show that the color zone of the retina extended further into the periphery with increasing illuminance; the response of opponent colors y-b was shown to be greater than that of the opponent colors r-g. 相似文献
115.
Myocardial infarction results from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, which occurs in response to both mechanical stress
and inflammatory processes. In order experimentally observe flow into atherosclerotic coronary artery morphologies, a novel
technique for molding realistic compliant phantom featuring injection-molded inclusions and multiple layers has been developed.
This transparent phantom allows for particle image velocimetry (PIV) flow analysis and can supply experimental data to validate
computational fluid dynamics algorithms and hypothesis. 相似文献
116.
A new optical technique based on real time holographic interferometry in true colors has been implemented around the transonic
wind tunnel of the ONERA-Lille center to analyze 2D unsteady wake flows. Tests realized in color interferometry, real time
and double exposure, use simultaneously three wavelengths of a continuous waves laser (argon and krypton mixed) and holograms
are recorded on silver-halide single-layer panchromatic Slavich PFG03c plates. The very principle of real-time true color
holographic interferometry uses three primary wavelengths (red, green and blue) to record, under no-flow conditions, the interference
among the three measurement beams and the three reference beams simultaneously on a single reference hologram. After the holographic
plate is developed, it is placed on the test setup again in the position it occupied during exposure and the hologram is illuminated
again by the three reference beams and three measurement beams. A flat, uniform color can then be observed behind the hologram.
So a horizontal, vertical, or even circular fringe pattern can be formed and the achromatic central fringe can be made out
very clearly. The single color is used to determine the path difference zero on the interferograms. The flow studied was the
unsteady flow downstream of a cylinder placed crosswise in the test section. A sequence of hundred interferograms was recorded
on the flow around the cylinder at Mach 0.37. The vortex formation and dissipation phases can be seen very clearly, along
with the fringe beat to either side of the cylinder. 相似文献
117.
118.
Seiichi Nishizawa Tomoyuki Kamaishi Tomoyuki Yokobori Ryo Kato Ying-Yu Cui Takeshi Shioya Norio Teramae 《Analytical sciences》2004,20(11):1559-1565
Facilitated SO4(2-) transfers by hydrogen bond-forming ionophores are investigated across the nitrobenzene (NB)-water interface by using polarography with a dropping electrolyte electrode. Bis-thiourea 1, alpha,alpha'-bis(N'-p-nitrophenylthioureylene)-m-xylene, is found to significantly facilitate the transfer of the highly hydrophilic SO4(2-) whereas its counterpart, N-(p-nitrophenyl)-N'-propylthiourea (ionophore 2), cannot. In contrast to the predominant formation of a 1:1 complex with SO4(2-) in the bulk NB phase, the SO4(2-) transfer assisted by 1 is indeed based on the formation of a 1:2 complex between SO4(2-) and ionophore, even under the condition of [SO4(2-)]aq > [1]org. Such an exclusive formation of the 1:2 (SO4(2-) to ionophore) complex at the NB-water interface is not observed with structurally similar bis-thiourea 3, alpha,alpha'-bis(N'-phenylthioureylene)-m-xylene, where p-nitrophenyl moietes of bis-thiourea 1 are simply replaced by phenyl groups. The facilitated transfer of SO4(2-) with bis-thiourea 1 is further compared to that of HPO4(2-) and H2PO4- across the NB-water interface, which was previously shown to be assisted by 1 through the formation of the 1:1 and 2:1 (anion to ionophore) complexes, respectively. On the basis of these examinations, unique binding behaviors of hydrogen bond-forming ionophores at the NB-water interface are discussed, with a view towards development of ionophore-based anion-selective chemical sensors. 相似文献
119.
Study on the Superhydrophilicity of the SiO2-TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method at Room Temperature 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dasen Ren Xiaoli Cui Jie Shen Qun Zhang Xiliang Yang Zhuangjian Zhang Lu Ming 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2004,29(3):131-136
Nanoscale SiO2-TiO2 composite thin films with the thickness of about 100 nm were prepared by sol-gel method at room temperature in air. The chemical states of the elements on the surface and near the surface were measured by XPS. The results showed that the Ti on/near the surface of the thin films existed not only as TiO2 but also as Ti2O3. Part of the TiO2 was changed to Ti2O3 after UV irradiation. The crystalline structure of the TiO2 in the SiO2-TiO2 thin films was anatase with the crystallite size of 14–20 nm. It was found that the thin film prepared at room temperature in air has good superhydrophilic property and has strong adherence to the substrate. 相似文献
120.
We shall answer several questions concerning additive or multiplicative commutators in a division ring which are algebraic of bounded degree over its center. 相似文献