Reception of a Signal with Unknown Duration

The maximum likely and optimal (Bayesian) algorithms for detecting an arbitrary-shaped signal observed against the background of Gaussian white noise and for measuring the duration are synthesized. Exact expressions for the characteristics of the maximum likely algorithms are found. The characteristics of the Bayesian algorithms are obtained using computer simulations.     

Spontaneous formation of a system of highly ordered germanium nanoislands upon epitaxial deposition on profiled (111) silicon substrates under electromigration conditions

Atomic-force microscopy was used to study the surface topography of SiGe structures grown by epitaxial deposition of Ge on profiled Si(111) substrates under electromigration conditions. Systems of highly ordered germanium nanosized islands with dimensions of 10–20 nm and a density of 6×10¹⁰ cm^?2 were obtained. It is shown that the geometrical parameters of self-organizing nanoislands can be controlled by a proper choice of the growth and postgrowth annealing conditions for these structures.     

Fermi surface and thermoelectric power of (Bi1−x Sbx)2Te3<Ag, Sn> mixed crystals

The Fermi surface anisotropy of (Bi_1?x Sb_x)₂Te₃ single crystals (0.25 ≤ x ≤ 1) was studied by analyzing the angular dependence of the frequency of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations and the effect of tin and silver doping on the thermoelectric power in these crystals in the temperature range 77 ≤ T ≤ 300 K. It was shown that silver doping of (Bi_1?x Sb_x)₂Te₃ mixed crystals produces acceptors, while silver in Bi₂Te₃ acts as a donor. Tin also exhibits acceptor properties. Both tin and silver doping of p-(Bi_1?x Sb_x)₂Te₃ mixed crystals decrease the thermoelectric power due to an increase in the hole concentration.     

High energy quantum teleportation using neutral kaons

We describe a scheme of stochastic implementations of quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping in terms of neutral kaons. In this scheme, the kaon whose state is to be teleported collides with one of the two entangled kaons in an Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen state. Subsequent detection of the outgoing particles of the collision completes the two-qubit projection on Alice side. There appear novel features, which connects quantum information science with fundamental laws of particle physics.     

On an evasion problem on a semi-infinite interval for a class of controlled distributed systems

In this paper, we study an evasion problem in systems described by equations of parabolic type. We consider four versions of constraints on the control parameters.     

A fractal model of reinforcement of elastoplastic nanocomposites

Within the framework of fractal analysis and percolation theory, an alternative model of reinforcement of filled polymers is offered. Practically, this model can be used only to describe the reinforcement of nanocomposites, because, according to the treatment considered, a pronounced reinforcement can be reached only at ratios of filler particle diameter to the statistical segment length of about 10 and less. A theoretical calculation showed a good qualitative and quantitative agreement with experiments. The type of reinforcement mechanism of composites is determined by the type of the space (fractal or Euclidean) in which the structure of the polymeric matrix is formed. __________ Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 797–802, November–Decem ber, 2006.     

Superconducting magnetis in spectrometers of high-energy particles

This is a retrospective review of superconducting magnets for spectrometers of high-energy particles. The magnets are grouped according to the purpose of the spectrometers and the shape of coils. Data on the thermostatting and electrical protection of the coils are presented. Design features of various-type magnets are described. The first large superconducting solenoids were constructed for hydrogen bubble chambers. Further progress was related to the construction of spectrometers that were designed for experiments at colliders and included solenoids with radiation-transparent walls. Along with solenoids, dipole and toroidal magnets were used in spectrometers; some designs of such magnets are also discussed in the review. A special type of polarizing solenoid is used in polarized targets. Spectrometers with magnets of various coil shapes were created for astrophysical research. As an instance, the original radiation-transparent solenoid and the dipole magnet with a cryocooler are represented. Prospects for the future development of magnets are connected with the use of high-temperature superconductors (HTS). Information on the present situation in engineering the HTS ribbon and solenoids is given.     

Comparative analysis of the twin and heterophase structures in (1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3−xPbTiO3 crystals

The specific features of the coexistence of phases in heavily twinned crystals of the (1?x)Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃?xPbTiO₃ system in the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary (0.30≤x≤0.40) are investigated. The phase transformations in crystals at x = const during cooling are considered at electric field strengths E=0 and 0.1 MV/m. The conditions of the formation of interphase boundaries (zero net strain planes) are determined for different first-order phase transitions. The results of calculating the tetragonal-monoclinic M _C and monoclinic-monoclinic (M _C –M _A ) phase transitions are represented in the form of “twin state-interphase boundary” diagrams. The effect of a 90° domain (twin) structure of the tetragonal phase on the heterophase state associated with the presence of monoclinic phases is analyzed.     

Algebraic curve in the unit ball in ℂ2 that passes through the origin and all of whose boundary components are arbitrarily short

A negative answer is given to the following question of A.G. Vitushkin: Does there exist a nontrivial lower bound for the length of the maximal component of intersection of the unit sphere and an algebraic curve passing through the origin. Published in Russian in Trudy Matematicheskogo Instituta imeni V.A. Steklova, 2006, Vol. 253, pp. 135–157. To the memory of Anatolii Georgievich Vitushkin