After characterizing digoxin immunogens and antibodies, we investigated the assay performances of enzyme immunoassay (EIA), biotin–streptavidin mediated enzyme immunoassay (B-Av EIA), and immunostrip test and compared the effectiveness of these tests for detecting the presence of digoxin and its analogues. The clinical use of digoxin is very complicated due to its narrow therapeutic range. Thus, the development of a rapid and simple detection device has been needed. In our study, we determined digoxin levels by EIA and B-Av EIA, and compared these tests with the immunotest strip to determine the possibility of personal monitoring at the bedside. Three kinds of digoxin antibodies were produced from various digoxin–BSA immunogens (digoxin/BSA molar ratio of 15:1, 50:1, and 200:1 in their preparation step). The antibodies produced were purified by the immunoaffinity chromatography using digoxin–KLH or digoxin–BSA as the affinity ligand. Antibody #7 and its matching coating ligand of digoxin–KLH were selected by titration and sensitivity studies for use in EIA and B-Av EIA. Colloidal gold-labeled antibody #7 on a glass fiber membrane and digoxin–BSA on a nitrocellulose membrane were selected for the immunostrip preparation. The EIA and B-Av EIA could detect 0.01 ppb digoxin within 2.5 h, but the immunostrip could detect 0.01 ppm within 3 min, which was three orders less sensitive than EIA or B-Av EIA. 相似文献
Summary: Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) nanocomposites dispersed in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix were prepared via suspension polymerization, in which radicals induced on the outer wall of the MWNTs by 2,2′‐azoisobutyronitrile initiate the grafting of PMMA. The synthesized MWNT/PMMA nanocomposite particles were found to have a spherical shape and exhibit a high electrical conductivity, mainly as a result of the carbon nanotubes. A suspension was prepared with MWNT/PMMA particles in insulating silicone oil and its electrorheological properties were investigated by controlling applied direct current (DC) electric field strengths.
Flow curve possessing a region analogous to the coexistence curve. 相似文献
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptophan) is a hormone that regulates emotions in the central nervous system. However, serotonin in the peripheral system is associated with obesity and fatty liver disease. Because serotonin cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), we focused on identifying new tryptophan hydroxylase type I (TPH1) inhibitors that act only in peripheral tissues for treating obesity and fatty liver disease without affecting the central nervous system. Structural optimization inspired by para-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) resulted in the identification of a series of oxyphenylalanine and heterocyclic phenylalanine derivatives as TPH1 inhibitors. Among these compounds, compound 18i with an IC50 value of 37 nM was the most active in vitro. Additionally, compound 18i showed good liver microsomal stability and did not significantly inhibit CYP and Herg. Furthermore, this TPH1 inhibitor was able to actively interact with the peripheral system without penetrating the BBB. Compound 18i and its prodrug reduced body weight gain in mammals and decreased in vivo fat accumulation. 相似文献
In this paper, we improve the rerouting step of Myung, Kim and Tcha's algorithm for the ring loading problem with demand splitting and achieve a better running time. We also conduct a computational study to evaluate the practical performance of the proposed algorithm. 相似文献
It is shown that for the separable dual X∗ of a Banach space X if X∗ has the weak approximation property, then X has the metric quasi approximation property. Using this it is shown that for the separable dual X∗ of a Banach space X the quasi approximation property and metric quasi approximation property are inherited from X∗ to X and for a separable and reflexive Banach space X, X having the weak approximation property, bounded weak approximation property, quasi approximation property, metric weak approximation property, and metric quasi approximation property are equivalent. Also it is shown that the weak approximation property, bounded weak approximation property, and quasi approximation property are not inherited from a Banach space X to X∗. 相似文献
With an increasing population of mobile subscribers, the signalling traffic to control the subscriber mobility expands rapidly. Subscriber mobility is controlled through location registration based on the so-called location area, the basic area unit for paging which consists of a number of cells. There is a tradeoff between the two kinds of signalling traffic: paging and location updating. As location areas include a larger number of cells, the traffic volume for paging increases while that for location updating decreases. Given not only the pattern of call arrivals but also that for subscriber mobility, our problem is to minimise the total signalling traffic by optimally partitioning the whole area into location areas. We show that this problem can be transformed to the so-called clique partitioning problem (CPP). Also we demonstrate the process of implementing the algorithm for solving the CPP for real-world problems defined on the cellular network in Seoul. 相似文献
A method was devised to determine the isomeric composition of an ionic mixture using collisionally activated decomposition mass spectrometry. Compared with the more rigorous approach based on collision cross-sections reported previously, the main advantage of the proposed method is its experimental simplicity. Both the internal consistency and the accuracy of the method were tested for mixtures of isobaric ions, i.e. ions with the same nominal mass-to-charge ratios. 相似文献