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101.
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In QCD with massless quarks, the effective potential for the color singlet operator (Fμνa)2 can be constructed by the use of the trace anomaly equation and tells us that magnetic gluon condensation, 〈0|(Fμνa)2|0〉 > 0, occurs. When the method is applied to supersymmetric QCD, however, it gives us a puzzle; the gluons condense with negative energy density, and supersymmetry is broken in a pathological manner with the appearance of a negatively normed Nambu-Goldstone fermion. Spurred on by this observation, we examine in detail the properties of the vacuum for the super (and ordinary) O(N) non-linear σ model in two dimensions for which a similar puzzling situation occurs with regard to the lagrangian condensate. We find, in particular, that (i) the chiral condensate plays a crucial role in resolving the puzzle and that (ii) it is the nature of the response of the lagrangian condensate to the test charge, not the sign or the magnitude of the condensate itself, that determines the phase of the system. Implications of these results for (super) QCD, including an unconventional possibility of “electric” gluon condensation, are discussed. 相似文献
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105.
Masayuki Kamimoto Yoichi Takahashi Takashi Mukaibo 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》1976,37(7):719-724
UP, US, and their solid solutions of several compositions were prepared, and the electrical resistivities of these samples were measured from liquid nitrogen temperature to 1000 K and the thermal diffusivities from 300 to 1000 K. It was shown that the resistivity of UP1?xSx at the paramagnetic region arose mainly from the scattering of conduction electrons by disordered spins localized at uranium ion sites. The resistivity of UP0.4S0.6 showed another anomaly below the transition temperature. A gentle hump of the thermal diffusivity of UP was observed at about 650 K. This was concluded to be due to the anomalous negative temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity observed above the Néel temperature up to about 550 K. The composition dependence of thermal conductivity of UP1?xSx was compared with that of UC1?xNx by separating the total conductivity into electronic and phonon contributions. 相似文献
106.
Specimens of poly(vinylidene fluoride), crystal form II, annealed at different temperatures between 130 and 180°C were characterized by specific volume measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and electron micróscopy. The degree of crystallinity calculated from the specific volume changed only by 15% i.e., from 50% to 65%. On the other hand, the melting behavior changed with annealing conditions. When a specimen was annealed above 170°C, two endothermic peaks appeared on either side of the annealing temperature. Results from DSC measurements made at different heating rates and electron microscopy showed that the two endotherms were caused by a bimodal distribution of lamellar thicknesses. The equilibrium melting point was found to be 210°C from the linear relation of the melting point and the annealing temperature. The equilibrium enthalpy and entropy of fusion were found to be 1.6 keal/mole and 3.3 eu/mole of repeat units by measurement on polymer–diluent mixtures. The surface free energy was found to be 5.1 kcal/mole of lamellar sequences from the plot of melting point versus reciprocal lamellar thickness obtained by electron microscopy. From a plot of enthalpy of fusion versus reciprocal lamellar thickness the surface enthalpy was found to be 20 keal/mole of lamellar sequences. These data lead to the estimate that a chain fold consists of about 30 repeat units. 相似文献
107.
Yamada YM 《Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin》2005,53(7):723-739
I present herein the development of highly active and reusable polymeric catalysts produced by self-assembly process of non-cross-linked amphiphilic polymeric ligands with inorganic species. Thus, PWAA 1 prepared from H3PW12O40 and poly[(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-(acrylamide with ammonium salt)] is suitable for oxidation of alcohols, amines, and sulfides in aqueous hydrogen peroxide. PdAS 2 produced by self-organization of (NH4)2PdCl4 and poly[(N-isopropylacrylamide)10-co-diphenylphosphinostyrene] is an excellent recyclable catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura reaction in water, water-organic solvent, and organic solvent. It is commercially available from Tokyo Kasei Kogyo (TCI). PdAS-V 3 assembled from (NH4)2PdCl4 and poly[(N-isopropylacrylamide)5-co-diphenylphosphinostyrene] provides recycling system of itself for Mizorogi-Heck reaction. TiSS 4 made from Ti(O-i-Pr)4 and poly(styryl-linked binaphtholate-co-styrene) promotes an enantioselective carbonyl-ene reaction as a recyclable catalyst. 相似文献
108.
Seiichi Inayama Ashok Kumar Singh Takeshi Kawamata Yoichi Iitaka 《Tetrahedron letters》1979,20(13):1125-1128
A novel cyclization-skeletal rearrangement from a eudesmanolide, 3-desoxy-4β, 5αH-hexahydro-?-α-santonin(1) to an adamantanone, 2, 5, 9-trimethyltetracyclo [6. 3. 1. 01,6. 05,10]dodecan-11-one(2) was found to occur as the result of a most unusual reaction. The structure of 2 was elucidated by the X-ray diffraction method. 相似文献
109.
Mikio Hori Tadashi Kataoka Hiroshi Shimizu Sachio Ohno Kenichi Narita Hiroaki Takayanagi Haruo Ogura Yoichi Iitaka 《Tetrahedron letters》1979,20(44):4315-4318
The first success of an X-ray analysis of a thiabenzene derivative, 1-benzoyl-2-methyl-2-thianaphthalene is described. 相似文献
110.