Study on the polymerizations of methyl methacrylate and styrene initiated with chlorotrimethylsilane and CuCl/N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethyltriamine

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (St) have been radically polymerized in the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane and CuCl/N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethyltriamine (Me₃SiCl/CuCl/PMDETA). An analysis of the resultant polymers by ¹H NMR discloses terminal silyl group and chlorine atom in all the obtained polymers. Kinetics studies have been carried out by measuring monomer conversions and polymer molecular weights against polymerization time. The results indicate that, for both MMA and St polymerizations, the monomer conversions exhibit a quasi-linear relationship with polymerization time, and the polymer number-average molecular weight (M_n) also increases with monomer conversion. The molecular weights of both PS and PMMA exceed one hundred thousand. Regardless of molecular weight, all the polymers show narrow molecular distributions (M_w/M_n = 1.2-1.5). These polymerization reactions are speculated to follow a mechanism similar to that of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP).     

Chlorin e6-Biotin Conjugates for Tumor-Targeting Photodynamic Therapy

To improve the tumor-targeting efficacy of photodynamic therapy, biotin was conjugated with chlorin e6 to develop a new tumor-targeting photosensitizer, Ce6-biotin. The Ce6-biotin had good water solubility and low aggregation. The singlet-oxygen generation rate of Ce6-biotin was slightly increased compared to Ce6. Flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy results confirmed Ce6-biotin had higher binding affinity toward biotin-receptor-positive HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells than its precursor, Ce6. Due to the BR-targeting ability of Ce6-biotin, it exhibited stronger cytotoxicity to HeLa cells upon laser irradiation. The IC50 against HeLa cells of Ce6-biotin and Ce6 were 1.28 µM and 2.31 µM, respectively. Furthermore, both Ce6-biotin and Ce6 showed minimal dark toxicity. The selectively enhanced therapeutic efficacy and low dark toxicity suggest that Ce6-biotin is a promising PS for BR-positive-tumor-targeting photodynamic therapy.     

Does deprotonated benzoic acid lose carbon monoxide in collision-induced dissociation?

Decarboxylation is known to be the major fragmentation pathway for the deprotonated carboxylic acids in collision-induced dissociation (CID). However, in the CID mass spectrum of deprotonated benzoic acid (m/z 121) recorded on a Q-orbitrap mass spectrometer, the dominant peak was found to be m/z 93 instead of the anticipated m/z 77. Based on theoretical calculations, ¹⁸O-isotope labeling and MS³ experiments, we demonstrated that the fragmentation of benzoate anion begins with decarboxylation, but the initial phenide anion (m/z 77) can react with trace O₂ in the mass analyzer to produce phenolate anion (m/z 93) and other oxygen-containing ions. Thus oxygen adducts should be considered when annotating the MS/MS spectra of benzoic acids.     

Studies on Solid-Liquid Phase Transfer Equilibrium of Onium Salts(Ⅱ)

The present paper contains the effects of the ammonium ion, counter ion, solvent and anion being transferred on the solid-liquid phase transfer equilibrium constant of quaternary ammonium salts. The most striking difference between solid-liquid and liquid-liquid phase transfer equilibriums is that the length of alkyl chain shows a large effect on the latter but little on the former This means that the chain length affects only the hydrophobicity, rather than the lipophilicity.Keywords Quaternary ammonium salt, Phase transfer catalysis, Equilibrium constant, Hydrophobicity, Lipophilicity     

LiF-KCl-KBr系和KF-NaCl-NaBr系熔盐相图研究

用目测变温法和X-射线相分析研究了LiF-KCl-KBr系和KF-NaCl-NaBr系熔盐相图.并在此基础上估算了熔盐溶液的正、负偏差情况,结合熔盐溶液的MonteCarlo法研究结果进行了讨论.     

浙江省“五水共治”决策前后水环境安全评估预警

水环境安全不仅是生态环境问题,更是直接关系区域经济发展和政治稳定的问题.基于"压力-状态-响应"模型和"五水共治"决策构建评估指标体系,应用层次分析评估方法,对浙江省治水前后水环境安全进行评估与预警.结果显示:自2014年治水工作开展以来,浙江省水环境安全趋于好转,安全指数呈上升趋势,2014年、2015年较2013年分别提高了7.38%和16.85%,水环境安全从预警状态转为较安全状态.按照"五水共治"分阶段规划要求,浙江省2017和2020年水环境安全度值分别达到0.754 5和0.798 9,较2015年分别提高7.63%和13.97%,水环境将维持在较安全状态,接近于安全状态的临界值,水环境的明显改善反映了浙江省"五水共治"工作的成效.结合具体指标分析可知,单位GDP废水排放量大、主要污染物排放负荷高、环境污染治理投资总额占GDP比重低等因素是水环境安全的主要胁迫因子,浙江省应优化水资源配置、加快产业结构调整与转型升级、加大环保投入,以降低水资源的环境风险.     

高密度闪烁体Nd∶GdTaO4和Nd∶LuTaO4发光跃迁强度计算

GdTaO₄和LuTaO₄是具有快发光衰减的新型重闪烁体。采用全谱拟合方法拟合了808 nm 激光二极管(LD)激发的M相Nd∶GdTaO₄和M′相Nd∶LuTaO₄的光致发光谱,给出了它们的跃迁强度参数A^k_t,p。在808 nm 激光激发下,GdTaO₄中Nd³⁺离子⁴F_3/2能级的上下两个晶场子能级的粒子布居数比例接近1,而在Nd∶LuTaO₄中则为1.30、1.41,表明在808 nm激光激发下,Nd³⁺的⁴F_3/2两个晶场子能级间的无辐射弛豫速率与激发速率相近。通过给出的跃迁强度参数A^k_t,p计算了Judd-Ofelt跃迁强度参数Ω_t,计算了Nd³⁺在GdTaO₄、LuTaO₄中的²P_3/2跃迁几率,表明GdTaO₄和LuTaO₄中Nd³⁺的数百纳秒发光跃迁是由高的无辐射跃迁几率导致的快发光衰减。     

微波消解-流动注射-氢化物发生-原子吸收法测定中药材中的汞和砷

建立了用微波消解处理样品,流动注射-氢化物发生-原子吸收法检测中药材中汞和砷含量的方法。汞在0.002～0.02mg/L浓度范围内线性良好,检出限为0.0004mg/L;砷在0.02～0.16mg/L浓度范围内线性良好,检出限为0.001mg/L,汞和砷的线性相关系数均大于0.9999;汞、砷的回收率分别为85.0%～93.8%、89.4%～102.0%,相对标准偏差分别为5.5%和4.1%。     

超弹性橡胶材料的改进Rivlin模型

讨论了不可压缩橡胶材料的超弹性唯象本构模型。针对典型实验,给出选择应变能函数的原则。从物理机理上,分析了Neo-Hookean模型、Mooney模型、三阶Rivlin模型及Ogden模型的优缺点。在此基础上,将Rivlin模型改进成为 ,这种新形式具有三个优点：①若取前三项（N=1）,则其结果与不可压缩线弹性的应变能相等,能够近似满足剪切的线性关系,但拉伸及压缩的线性关系是精确满足的。②当N≥2时,简单剪切中的应变能及剪应力τxy在小应变情况下是以剪应变γxy为等比的多项式展开;而Rivlin模型只能保证简单剪切实验中的应变能及剪应力τxy是以(γxy)2为等比的级数展开的形式,当取前两项的情况下,Rivlin模型只能精确保证常剪切,拉伸及压缩的线性关系无法得到保证。针对典型实验数据,若取同阶次多项式,本文模型的同类实验数据预测及不同类实验数据间相互预测的精度都比Rivlin模型的高。     

微乳法制备Au／Fe2O3水煤气变换反应催化剂 Ⅰ．制备参数对催化剂活性的影响

 分别在TritonX－100／正己醇／环己烷／水和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）／正己醇／水的W／O型微乳液体系中合成了Au／Fe2O3催化剂，考察了主要制备参数对催化剂水煤气变换活性的影响．结果表明，催化剂的焙烧温度、水与表面活性剂的质量比（rw）、表面活性剂浓度（W）、表面活性剂种类及催化剂活性组分金的负载量均对催化剂活性有显著的影响．催化剂的最佳焙烧温度为250℃，催化活性随着rw和W的增加而降低，由TritonX－100制得的催化剂的活性高于由CTAB制得的催化剂．当金负载量为3％，水煤气变换反应温度为200℃时，CO的转化率可达99．5％．