全文获取类型
收费全文 | 28193篇 |
免费 | 4790篇 |
国内免费 | 2940篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 18719篇 |
晶体学 | 271篇 |
力学 | 2013篇 |
综合类 | 230篇 |
数学 | 3547篇 |
物理学 | 11143篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 113篇 |
2023年 | 613篇 |
2022年 | 1100篇 |
2021年 | 1083篇 |
2020年 | 1134篇 |
2019年 | 1077篇 |
2018年 | 995篇 |
2017年 | 932篇 |
2016年 | 1360篇 |
2015年 | 1330篇 |
2014年 | 1567篇 |
2013年 | 2085篇 |
2012年 | 2462篇 |
2011年 | 2489篇 |
2010年 | 1676篇 |
2009年 | 1631篇 |
2008年 | 1771篇 |
2007年 | 1524篇 |
2006年 | 1405篇 |
2005年 | 1189篇 |
2004年 | 887篇 |
2003年 | 710篇 |
2002年 | 630篇 |
2001年 | 523篇 |
2000年 | 533篇 |
1999年 | 646篇 |
1998年 | 536篇 |
1997年 | 539篇 |
1996年 | 503篇 |
1995年 | 476篇 |
1994年 | 390篇 |
1993年 | 349篇 |
1992年 | 289篇 |
1991年 | 257篇 |
1990年 | 240篇 |
1989年 | 191篇 |
1988年 | 147篇 |
1987年 | 128篇 |
1986年 | 95篇 |
1985年 | 98篇 |
1984年 | 64篇 |
1983年 | 51篇 |
1982年 | 54篇 |
1981年 | 23篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 7篇 |
1936年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
921.
Qi Chen Baole Li Junli Wang Haowei Zhu Xiwen Chen Yifu Hu Jia Zhou Xiang Li Weifang Zheng Taihong Yan 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(17)
The use of tetra-alkylcarbamides as novel ligands: N,N-butyl-N’,N’-hexylurea (L1: ABHU), and N,N-butyl-N’,N’-pentylurea (L2: ABPU), for the solvent extraction and complexation behaviors of uranium(VI) was synthesized and investigated in this study. The effects of HNO3 and NO3− concentrations in the aqueous phase on the distribution ratio of U(VI) were examined. Under 5 mol/L HNO3 concentration, DU reached 5.02 and 4.94 respectively without third-phase formation. During the extraction, slope measurements and IR spectral analysis revealed that the U(VI) complexes are a form of UO2(NO3)2·2L for both ligands. In addition, thermodynamic studies showed that the uranium extraction reaction was a spontaneous exothermic reaction. The deep structural analysis of the complexes was realized with DFT calculation. The bond length, bond properties, and topology of the complexes were discussed in detail to analyze the extraction behavior. This study enriches the coordination chemistry of U(VI) by tetra-alkylcarbamides, which may offer new clues for the design and synthesis of novel ligands for the separation, enrichment, and recovery of uranium in the nuclear fuel cycle. 相似文献
922.
For this work, europium monosulfide (EuS) powders were prepared by sulfurizing Eu2O3 powder with CS2 gas. The synthesized EuS powders were sintered by SPS at temperatures in the 800–1600 °C range for 0.33–1 h at 50 MPa under vacuum conditions. The influences of Yb doping and sintering conditions on the magnetocaloric and mechanical properties of EuS were investigated systematically. An increase in sintering temperature caused the rise of lattice parameters of EuS, whereas Yb doping caused them to drop. SEM showed that the grain size of the EuS increased with sintering temperatures in the 1000–1400 °C range. Higher sintering temperatures can enlarge the magnetizability and saturation magnetization of EuS compact. On the contrary, Yb doping can weaken the magnetizability and saturation magnetization of EuS compact. All sintered polycrystalline EuS compacts had weaker thermomagnetic irreversibility and lower magnetic anisotropy. 相似文献
923.
924.
Jia-Heng Cai Qi-Sheng Tian Xiao-Zhao Zhu Zhi-Hao Qu Wei He Dong-Ying Zhou Liang-Sheng Liao 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(17)
The effective reflective anode remains a highly desirable component for the fabrication of reliable top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (TE-OLEDs) which have the potential to be integrated with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits for microdisplays. This work demonstrates a novel laminated anode consisting of a Cr/Al/Cr multilayer stack. Furthermore, we implement an ultra-thin titanium nitride (TiN) layer as a protective layer on the top of the Cr/Al/Cr composite anode, which creates a considerably reflective surface in the visible range, and meanwhile improves the chemical stability of the electrode against the atmosphere or alkali environment. Based on [2-(2-pyridinyl-N)phenyl-C](acetylacetonate)iridium(III) as green emitter and Mg/Ag as transparent cathode, our TE-OLED using the TiN-coated anode achieves the maximum current efficiency of 71.2 cd/A and the maximum power efficiency of 66.7 lm/W, which are 81% and 90% higher than those of the reference device without TiN, respectively. The good device performance shows that the Cr/Al/Cr/TiN could function as a promising reflective anode for the high-resolution microdisplays on CMOS circuits. 相似文献
925.
Hui-Hui Yang Hui-Ling Jiang Jia-Hao Tao Chen-Yu Zhang Jian-Bing Xiong Jin-Tong Yang Yu-Biao Liu Wen-Jing Zhong Xin-Xin Guan Jia-Xi Duan Yan-Feng Zhang Shao-Kun Liu Jian-Xin Jiang Yong Zhou Cha-Xiang Guan 《Experimental & molecular medicine》2022,54(11):2077
Necroptosis is the major cause of death in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) during acute lung injury (ALI). Here, we report a previously unrecognized mechanism for necroptosis. We found an accumulation of mitochondrial citrate (citratemt) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated AECs because of the downregulation of Idh3α and citrate carrier (CIC, also known as Slc25a1). shRNA- or inhibitor–mediated inhibition of Idh3α and Slc25a1 induced citratemt accumulation and necroptosis in vitro. Mice with AEC-specific Idh3α and Slc25a1 deficiency exhibited exacerbated lung injury and AEC necroptosis. Interestingly, the overexpression of Idh3α and Slc25a1 decreased citratemt levels and rescued AECs from necroptosis. Mechanistically, citratemt accumulation induced mitochondrial fission and excessive mitophagy in AECs. Furthermore, citratemt directly interacted with FUN14 domain-containing protein 1 (FUNDC1) and promoted the interaction of FUNDC1 with dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), leading to excessive mitophagy-mediated necroptosis and thereby initiating and promoting ALI. Importantly, necroptosis induced by citratemt accumulation was inhibited in FUNDC1-knockout AECs. We show that citratemt accumulation is a novel target for protection against ALI involving necroptosis.Subject terms: Infection, Respiratory tract diseases 相似文献
926.
Jing Zhou Ji Feng Yong Wu Hui-Qi Dai Guang-Zhi Zhu Pan-Hong Chen Li-Ming Wang Guang Lu Xi-Wen Liao Pei-Zhi Lu Wen-Jing Su Shing Chuan Hooi Xin-Pin Ye Han-Ming Shen Tao Peng Guo-Dong Lu 《Experimental & molecular medicine》2022,54(11):2007
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the first-line treatment for unresectable intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is of high clinical significance to explore the synergistic effect of TACE with antiangiogenic inhibitors and the molecular mechanisms involved. This study determined that glucose, but not other analyzed nutrients, offered significant protection against cell death induced by sorafenib, as indicated by glucose deprivation sensitizing cells to sorafenib-induced cell death. Next, this synergistic effect was found to be specific to sorafenib, not to lenvatinib or the chemotherapeutic drugs cisplatin and doxorubicin. Mechanistically, sorafenib-induced mitophagy, as indicated by PINK1 accumulation, increased the phospho-poly-ubiquitination modification, accelerated mitochondrial membrane protein and mitochondrial DNA degradation, and increased the amount of mitochondrion-localized mKeima-Red engulfed by lysosomes. Among several E3 ubiquitin ligases tested, SIAH1 was found to be essential for inducing mitophagy; that is, SIAH1 silencing markedly repressed mitophagy and sensitized cells to sorafenib-induced death. Notably, the combined treatment of glucose restriction and sorafenib abolished ATP generation and mitophagy, which led to a high cell death rate. Oligomycin and antimycin, inhibitors of electron transport chain complexes, mimicked the synergistic effect of sorafenib with glucose restriction to promote cell death mediated via mitophagy inhibition. Finally, inhibition of the glucose transporter by canagliflozin (a clinically available drug used for type-II diabetes) effectively synergized with sorafenib to induce HCC cell death in vitro and to inhibit xenograft tumor growth in vivo. This study demonstrates that simultaneous treatment with sorafenib and glucose restriction is an effective approach to treat HCC, suggesting a promising combination strategy such as transarterial sorafenib-embolization (TASE) for the treatment of unresectable HCC.Subject terms: Liver cancer, Mitophagy, Apoptosis 相似文献
927.
Tianli Shen Yunhua Wu Xingjie Wang Zijun Wang Enmeng Li Cancan Zhou Chenyang Yue Zhengdong Jiang Guangbing Wei Jie Lian Qinhong Xu Xuqi Li 《Experimental & molecular medicine》2022,54(9):1486
Peritoneal adhesions (PAs) are a serious complication of abdominal surgery and negatively affect the quality of life of millions of people worldwide. However, a clear molecular mechanism and a standard therapeutic strategy for PAs have not been established. Here, we developed a standardized method to mimic the pathological changes in PAs and found that sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression was severely decreased in adhesion tissues, which was consistent with our bioinformatics analysis and patient adhesion tissue analysis. Thus, we hypothesized that activating SIRT3 could alleviate postsurgical PAs. Sirt3-deficient (Sirt3−/−) mice exhibited many more PAs after standardized abdominal surgery. Furthermore, compared with wild-type (Sirt3+/+) mice, Sirt3-deficient (Sirt3−/−) mice showed more prominent reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, increased levels of inflammatory factors, and exacerbated mitochondrial damage and fragmentation. In addition, we observed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the adhesion tissues of Sirt3−/− but, not Sirt3+/+ mice. Furthermore, mesothelial cells sorted from Sirt3−/− mice exhibited impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox homeostasis. Honokiol (HKL), a natural compound found in several species of the genus Magnolia, could activate SIRT3 in vitro. Then, we demonstrated that treatment with HKL could reduce oxidative stress and the levels of inflammatory factors and suppress NLRP3 activation in vivo, reducing the occurrence of postsurgical PAs. In vitro treatment with HKL also restored mitochondrial bioenergetics and promoted mesothelial cell viability under oxidative stress conditions. Taken together, our findings show that the rescue of SIRT3 by HKL may be a new therapeutic strategy to alleviate and block postsurgical PA formation.Subject terms: Trauma, Molecularly targeted therapy, Acute inflammation 相似文献
928.
Qi-Feng Zhou 《高分子科学》2022,40(1):1-1
The year 2022 marks the 40th anniversary of the Chinese Journal of Polymer Science(CJPS)—a true milestone to be celebrated!In the early stage of the reform and opening,there was an increasing demand for international academic communications.To facilitate these communications. 相似文献
929.
Tingting Zhou Ziwen Deng Qing Wang Hui Li Shun Li Xuanming Xu Yusun Zhou Shukai Sun Chao Xuan Qingwu Tian Limin Lun 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(18)
In this work, novel selective recognition materials, namely magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs), were prepared. The recognition materials were used as pretreatment materials for magnetic molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MSPE) to achieve the efficient adsorption, selective recognition, and rapid magnetic separation of methotrexate (MTX) in the patients’ plasma. This method was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection (HPLC–UV) to achieve accurate and rapid detection of the plasma MTX concentration, providing a new method for the clinical detection and monitoring of the MTX concentration. The MMIPs for the selective adsorption of MTX were prepared by the sol–gel method. The materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry. The MTX adsorption properties of the MMIPs were evaluated using static, dynamic, and selective adsorption experiments. On this basis, the extraction conditions were optimized systematically. The adsorption capacity of MMIPs for MTX was 39.56 mgg−1, the imprinting factor was 9.40, and the adsorption equilibrium time was 60 min. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: the amount of MMIP was 100 mg, the loading time was 120 min, the leachate was 8:2 (v/v) water–methanol, the eluent was 4:1 (v/v) methanol–acetic acid, and the elution time was 60 min. MTX was linear in the range of 0.00005–0.25 mg mL−1, and the detection limit was 12.51 ng mL−1. The accuracy of the MSPE–HPLC–UV method for MTX detection was excellent, and the result was consistent with that of a drug concentration analyzer. 相似文献
930.
Yueting Li Wensha Meng Li Yuan Li Jiang Zuying Zhou Mingyan Chi Zipeng Gong Xue Ma Yong Huang Lin Zheng 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(18)
Protosappanoside D (PTD) is a new component isolated from the extract of Caesalpinia decapetala for the first time. Its structure was identified as protosappanin B-3-O-β-D-glucoside by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D-NMR and MS techniques. To date, the pharmacological activities, metabolism or pharmacokinetics of PTD has not been reported. Therefore, this research to study the anti-inflammatory activity of PTD was investigated via the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells model. At the same time, we also used the UHPLC/Q Exactive Plus MS and UPLC-MS/MS methods to study the metabolites and pharmacokinetics of PTD, to calculate its bioavailability for the first time. The results showed that PTD could downregulate secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the metabolic study, four metabolites were identified, and the primary degradative pathways in vivo involved the desaturation, oxidation, methylation, alkylation, dehydration, degradation and desugarization. In the pharmacokinetic study, PTD and its main metabolite protosappanin B (PTB) were measured after oral and intravenous administration. After oral administration of PTD, its Tmax was 0.49 h, t1/2z and MRT(0–t) were 3.47 ± 0.78 h and 3.06 ± 0.63 h, respectively. It shows that PTD was quickly absorbed into plasma and it may be eliminated quickly in the body, and its bioavailability is about 0.65%. 相似文献