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51.
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Ping-xing Chen Jian-ming Cai Zheng-wei Zhou Guang-can Guo 《量子光学学报》2006,12(B08):72-73
The second law of thermodynamics is one of the most fundamental and for-reaching laws of physics. It teaches us that when a closed system undergoes a thermodynamic process the entropy of the system never decreases; it increases, or at least remains constant. If the entropy increases the thermodynamic process is irreversible, otherwise it is reversible. Only ideal thermal process is reversible. In classical world a great number of facts have proved the second law is true. But in quantum world since the quantum coherence and correlations exist we are not sure the second law is still true, at least in principle. This is because that: 1. on the microscopic level the irreversibility is conflict with the reversibility of all fundamental physical laws ; 2. there are not enough evidences to show it is true in quantum world. 相似文献
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Films of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were exposed to sodium naphthalenide (Na/naphtha) etchant so as to defluorinate the surface for obtaining hydroxyl functionality. Surface-initiators were immobilized on the PTFE films by esterification of 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACP) and the hydroxyl groups covalently linked to the surface. Grafting of polymer brushes on the PTFE films was carried out by the surface-initiated free radical polymerization. Homopolymers brushes of methyl methacrylate (MMA) were prepared by free radical polymerization from the azo-functionalized PTFE surface. The chemical composition and topography of the graft-functionalized PTFE surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FT-IR spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Water contact angles on PTFE films were reduced by surface grafting of MMA. 相似文献
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We present a review of our recent measurements of total cross sections (Q
T's) for the scattering of positrons by Na, K, and Rb, and positronium-formation cross sections (Q
Ps's) for Na and K. For our total cross section measurements, a beam transmission technique has been used. For ourQ
Ps measurements, our approach involves setting upper and lower limits onQ
Ps using a combination of (1) measuring the transmission of the positron beam with the angular discrimination of the apparatus made as poor as possible, and (2) measuring the 511 keV annihilation gamma rays in coincidence produced by the decay of para-Ps formed in the scattering cell. Comparison with theoretical calculations shows that our measuredQ
T's andQ
Ps's for Na and K agree reasonably well with a close coupling approximation (CCA) calculation which takes into account the formation of Ps in then=1 andn=2 states. In the 3–10 eV energy range, this calculation predicts a peak in theQ
T's andQ
Ps's for K which also appears in our measurements. The absence of such a peak in our measuredQ
T's andQ
Ps's (preliminary) for Na in this energy range is also consistent with the same theory. Comparisons with five-state CCA calculations ofQ
T which do not take Ps-formation into account also show good agreement with our positron-Na, K, and RbQ
T measurements for energies above 20 eV, but show dramatic departures from our measurements below 10 eV for K and Rb. 相似文献
59.
旋转带电体磁矩计算的若干法则与算例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文在文献 [1]、[2 ]等的基础上给出关于旋转带电体的磁矩计算的若干法则 ,均以定理形式表达 ,并列表枚举其相关算例 相似文献
60.
Chongyi Wan Shiming Liu Rongqing Tan Jin Wu Jinwen Zhou Yan Lv Yanning Yu Hua Yang 《Optics & Laser Technology》2004,36(8):2389-649
A high average power, high-repetition-rate TEA CO2 laser employing printed-circuit-board preionizer is described. The power scaling of this preionization configuration has been demonstrated. The average output power reaches 3.6 kW at pulse repetition rate of 180 pps. Furthermore, the scaling-up ability of the rotating spark gap as high-voltage switch for high-average-power gas laser has been validated. 相似文献