A convolutional neural network approach to calibrating the rotation axis for X‐ray computed tomography

This paper presents an algorithm to calibrate the center‐of‐rotation for X‐ray tomography by using a machine learning approach, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The algorithm shows excellent accuracy from the evaluation of synthetic data with various noise ratios. It is further validated with experimental data of four different shale samples measured at the Advanced Photon Source and at the Swiss Light Source. The results are as good as those determined by visual inspection and show better robustness than conventional methods. CNN has also great potential for reducing or removing other artifacts caused by instrument instability, detector non‐linearity, etc. An open‐source toolbox, which integrates the CNN methods described in this paper, is freely available through GitHub at tomography/xlearn and can be easily integrated into existing computational pipelines available at various synchrotron facilities. Source code, documentation and information on how to contribute are also provided.     

基于期权契约的应急药品储备模型研究

突发灾害发生后,应急药品需求数量呈现爆发式增长,充足的应急药品对减少和控制人员伤亡、保障救灾效果及减少经济损失具有重要作用。由于应急药品的需求特性和自然属性,我国现行的应急药品储备模式很容易造成应急药品短缺或过期,也无法保证政府与医药企业长久的合作关系,因此如何科学合理地储备应急药品成为政府亟待解决的关键难题。为此,本文引入期权契约到政府与医药企业组成的两级供应链系统,构建了期权契约机制下应急药品储备模型,得出政企最优决策策略及双方成本收益,给出了实现供应链协调与政企双赢的条件。研究表明,应急药品储备模型提高了应急药品储备水平,降低了政府库存风险,有利于保障供应商合理收益及控制政府成本,为政企建立长久的合作关系提供了依据,为应急药品储备提供了可行的操作策略。     

基于贝叶斯多元有序probit模型的休闲渔业游客满意度研究

游客满意度是休闲渔业景区制定管理决策的重要参考信息。通过探究游览过程中游客对各单一维度的满意程度与旅游总满意度之间的关系,管理者可以从中准确了解游客偏好、消费行为以及获取旅游产品设计等重要信息。据此,本文采取实地调研,获取11家全国休闲渔业示范基地1510份游客满意度信息,使用马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛法(Markov Chain Monte Carlo, MCMC),估算贝叶斯多元有序probit模型,并利用模型后验结果衡量休闲渔业游客7种分满意度对总体满意度的贡献。研究结果表明:渔憩体验满意度、景区环境满意度以及旅游餐饮满意度是对总体满意度影响程度最大的三种分满意度,所占比例分别为43.58%、24.67%、10.62%。     

基于中智犹豫模糊语言优先QUALIFLEX方法的绿色供应商选择

针对绿色供应商选择过程中,评价指标数量明显超过可供选择的供应商数量且指标之间存在优序关系等特点,提出了基于中智犹豫模糊语言优先QUAL-IFLEX方法的绿色供应商选择方法.首先,利用中智犹豫模糊语言表征评价信息和评价权重;其次,构造优先矩阵对指标权重做精确化处理,考虑到决策者对指标的要求和指标之间的优序关系,对指标权重...     

N2分压对ZrN/WN纳米多层膜缺陷性质与力学性能的影响

利用射频磁控溅射系统在不同N₂分压的条件下，制备了一系列ZrN/WN纳米多层膜.借助慢正电子湮没技术分析了样品的缺陷性质，采用纳米压痕仪研究了多层膜的力学性能.结果发现：N₂分压为0.4Pa的多层膜具有最小的空位型缺陷浓度，其中心层和膜基结合层的平均S参数分别为0.4402和0.4641，而较低或较高的N₂分压都可能导致空位型缺陷浓度的增加.随着空位型缺陷浓度的减小，多层膜的硬度和临界载荷增大.对于空位型缺陷浓度最小的多层膜，其硬度和临界载荷达到最大值，分别为34.8GPa和100mN，说明较低的缺陷浓度有利于提高多层膜的力学性能. 关键词： ZrN/WN纳米多层膜 缺陷性质 力学性能 慢正电子湮没     

In-band pumped highly efficient Ho:YAG ceramic laser with 21 W output power at 2097 nm

We report on the high-power and high-efficiency operation of a polycrystalline Ho:YAG ceramic laser in-band pumped by a Tm fiber laser at ~1907 nm. Lasing characteristics of a 1.5 at.% and a 2.0 at.% Ho3?-doped YAG ceramic were investigated and compared. Using an output coupler of 6% transmission, over 21.4 W of cw output power at 2097 nm has been generated with the 1.5 at.% doped Ho:YAG ceramic under 35 W of incident pump power, corresponding to an average slope efficiency with respect to the incident pump power of 63.6% and an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 61.1%.     

Synthesis of low-melting-point metallic nanoparticles with an ultrasonic nanoemulsion method

A one-step, economical nanoemulsion method has been introduced to synthesize low-melting-point metallic nanoparticles. This nanoemulsion technique exploits the extremely high shear rates generated by the ultrasonic agitation and the relatively large viscosity of the continuous phase - polyalphaolefin (PAO), to rupture the molten metal down to diameter below 100 nm. Field’s metal nanoparticles and Indium nanoparticles of respective average diameters of 15 nm and 30 nm have been obtained. The nanoparticles size and shape are determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Their phase transition behavior is examined using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). It is found that these nanoparticles dispersed in PAO can undergo reversible, melting-freezing phase transition, and exhibit a relatively large hysteresis. The experimental results suggest that the nanoemulsion method is a viable route for mass production of low-melting nanoparticles.     

LiO2(C2V，X2A2)分子的结构与势能函数

使用二次组态相互作用方法，在aug-cc-pvtz基组水平上对LiO₂(C_2V，X²A₂)基态分子进行了几何优化，得到了它的平衡几何构型和力常数.根据原子分子反应静力学原理得到可能的电子状态和离解极限.应用多体展式理论方法推导出了LiO₂(C_2V，X²A₂)基态分子的解析势能函数.     

基于自发曲率模型对几种极限形状膜泡及典型相变和分裂过程的研究

通过在Surface Evolver软件中建立一些具有多重对称性的初始形状，经逐次细分并长时间演化后，得到了几种能量很低的极限形budding 形状，其参数与理论值一致. 通过逐步调整参数并跟踪其演化途径，发现了一个不连续的相变和一个连续的可逆相变以及两种稳定的新形状，并且获得的海星形的两种分裂路径已被实验所证实.