Matching effect in superconducting NbN thin film with a square lattice of holes

A square hole array is fabricated over a micro-bridge of NbN thin film by electron beam lithography and reactive ion milling. Magneto-resistance is measured across the micro-bridge filled with a hole array near the superconducting transition temperature. It is found that magneto-resistance minima occur when the number of vortices is an integer multiple or a fractional multiple of the number of holes. The temperature and the current dependences of the matching effect are studied.     

Interference effects on the photoionization cross sections between two neighbouring atoms: nitrogen as an example

Interference effects on the photoionization cross sections between two neighbouring atoms are considered based on the coherent scattering of the ionized electrons by the two nuclei when their separation is less than or comparable to the de Broglie wave length of the ionized electrons. As an example, the single atomic nitrogen ionization cross section and the total cross sections of two nitrogen atoms with coherently added photoionization amplitudes are calculated from the threshold to about 60~\AA (1~\AA=0.1~nm) of the photon energy. The photoionization cross sections of atomic nitrogen are obtained by using the close-coupling R-matrix method. In the calculation 19 states are included. The ionization energy of the atomic nitrogen and the photoionization cross sections agree well with the experimental results. Based on the R-matrix results of atomic nitrogen, the interference effects between two neighbouring nitrogen atoms are obtained. It is shown that the interference effects are considerable when electrons are ionized just above the threshold, even for the separations between the two atoms are larger than two times of the bond length of N₂ molecules. Therefore, in hot and dense samples, effects caused by the coherent interference between the neighbours are expected to be observable for the total photoionization cross sections.     

The entanglement between two isolated atoms in double mode--mode competition model

Extending the double Jaynes--Cummings model to a more complicated case where the mode--mode competition is considered, we investigate the entanglement character of two isolated atoms by means of concurrence, and discuss the dependence of atom--atom entanglement on the different initial state and the relative coupling strength between the atom and the corresponding cavity field. The results show that the amplitude and the period of the atom--atom entanglement evolution can be controlled by the choice of initial state and relative coupling strength, respectively. We find that the phenomenon of entanglement sudden death (ESD) is sensitive to the initial conditions. The length of the time interval for zero entanglement depends not only on the initial degree of entanglement between two atoms but also on the relative coupling strength of atom--field interaction. The ESD effect can be weakened by enhancing the mode--mode competition between the three- and single-photon processes.     

ITER超导纵场线圈内馈线系统传热分析

ITER超导纵场线圈内馈线系统位于主机杜瓦内,由18个盒体分别悬挂于相应纵场磁体终端,通过连接件组成多边形环。通过对内馈线在整个装置降温收缩过程的分析,采用有限元分析法对内馈线稳态及瞬态温度场进行数值模拟,得到内馈线的热负荷值、温度分布、温度及变形的时间历程曲线,为内馈线冷却方案的确定和降温时间的预测等提供了可靠验证。     

BaCuO_2的添加对YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)临界电流密度的影响

掺入BaCuO2杂相的YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)粉末样品采用固相反应方法制备获得。XRD的Rietveld精修显示BaCuO2杂相和YBCO并存。在YBCO+xBaCuO2(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.2,0.3)的一系列样品中,当x=0.05时,样品的临界电流密度最大。在磁场中,微量BaCuO2杂相的添加,使YBCO的临界电流(Jc)提高了,但超导转变温度(Tc)稍微有所下降。临界电流密度的这些特征行为来自于两方面的共同作用,一方面是超导性的变化,另一方面纳米尺寸范围内的空间分布的非均匀性。     

ELDRS and dose-rate dependence of vertical NPN transistor

The enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity (ELDRS) and dose-rate dependence of vertical NPN transistors are investigated in this article.The results show that the vertical NPN transistors exhibit more degradation at low dose rate,and that this degradation is attributed to the increase on base current.The oxide trapped positive charge near the SiO2-Si interface and interface traps at the interface can contribute to the increase on base current and the two-stage hydrogen mechanism associated with space charge effect can well explain the experimental results.     

Time synchronization and carrier frequency control of CAPS navigation signals generated on the ground

The Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS) works without atomic clocks on the satellite, and the CAPS navigation signals transmitted on the ground may achieve the same effect as that with high-performance atomic clocks on the satellite. The primary means of achieving that effect is through the time synchronization and carrier frequency control of the CAPS navigation signals generated on the ground. In this paper the synchronization requirements of different time signals are analyzed by the formation of navigation signals, and the theories and methods of the time synchronization of the CAPS navigation signals generated on the ground are also introduced. According to the conditions of the high-precision satellite velocity-measurement signal source, the carrier frequency and its chains of the navigation signals are constructed. CAPS velocity measurement is realized by the expected deviation of real time control to the carrier frequency, and the precision degree of this method is also analyzed. The experimental results show that the time synchronization precision of CAPS generating signals is about 0.3 ns and the precision of the velocity measurement signal source is about 4 cm/s. This proves that the theories and methods of the generating time synchronization and carrier frequency control are workable. Supported by the Major Knowledge Innovation Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KGCX1-21), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2004AA105030 and 2006AA12Z314), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10453001), and the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB815502)     

The third-order optical nonlinearity and upconversion luminescence of CdTe quantum dots under femtosecond laser excitation

The aqueous CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized by the electrostatic reaction method. The optical properties of CdTe QDs were investigated by femtosecond Z-scan and time-resolved luminescence technique in nonresonant spectral region. The nonlinear absorption and refraction are ascribed to two-photon absorption, and time-resolved upconversion photoluminescence produces biexponential decay pattern at infrared femtosecond laser excitation. Upconversion luminescence is composed of a band-edge excitonic state and a photoinduced trapping state. The short-lived band-edge excitonic emission is independent of the detection wavelengths, and long-lived species becomes even longer with the increase of detection wavelengths, which indicates the size dependence of surface excitonic emission. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Bridge recognition of median-resolution SAR images using pun histogram entropy

A novel algorithm for bridge recognition of median synthetic aperture radar （SAR） images using histogram entropy presented by Pun is proposed. Firstly, Lee filter and histogram proportion are used to denoise the original image and to make the target evident. Then, water regions are gained through histogram segmentation and the contours of water regions axe extracted. After these, the potential bridge targets are obtained based on the space relativity between bridges and water regions using improved contour search. At last, bridges are recognized by extracting the feature of Pun histogram entropy （PHE） of these potential bridge targets. Experimental results show the good qualities of the algorithm, such as fast speed, high rate of recognition, and low rate of false target.     

System for measuring optical admittance of a thin film stack

A new method based on the polarization interferometer structure has been applied to measure the optical admittance, the refractive index and thickness of a thin film. The structure is a vibration insensitive optical system. There is one Twyman-Green interferometer part to induce a phase difference and one Fizeau interferometer part to induce the interference in the system. The intensities coming from four different polarizers were measured at the same time to prevent mechanical vibration influence. Using the polarization interferometer, the optical admittance, the refractive index and thickness of a single layer of Ta₂O₅ thin film has been measured. The measurement results were compared with the results obtained by ellipsometer. The results meet reasonable values in both refractive index and thickness.