全文获取类型
收费全文 | 13571篇 |
免费 | 1214篇 |
国内免费 | 740篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 9321篇 |
晶体学 | 133篇 |
力学 | 532篇 |
综合类 | 52篇 |
数学 | 1609篇 |
物理学 | 3878篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 159篇 |
2022年 | 246篇 |
2021年 | 283篇 |
2020年 | 326篇 |
2019年 | 357篇 |
2018年 | 270篇 |
2017年 | 273篇 |
2016年 | 452篇 |
2015年 | 474篇 |
2014年 | 538篇 |
2013年 | 804篇 |
2012年 | 975篇 |
2011年 | 1106篇 |
2010年 | 723篇 |
2009年 | 731篇 |
2008年 | 860篇 |
2007年 | 802篇 |
2006年 | 713篇 |
2005年 | 624篇 |
2004年 | 573篇 |
2003年 | 487篇 |
2002年 | 439篇 |
2001年 | 350篇 |
2000年 | 296篇 |
1999年 | 219篇 |
1998年 | 173篇 |
1997年 | 152篇 |
1996年 | 190篇 |
1995年 | 143篇 |
1994年 | 166篇 |
1993年 | 130篇 |
1992年 | 127篇 |
1991年 | 108篇 |
1990年 | 113篇 |
1989年 | 86篇 |
1988年 | 99篇 |
1987年 | 63篇 |
1986年 | 71篇 |
1985年 | 99篇 |
1984年 | 70篇 |
1983年 | 73篇 |
1982年 | 55篇 |
1981年 | 50篇 |
1980年 | 54篇 |
1979年 | 38篇 |
1977年 | 41篇 |
1976年 | 43篇 |
1975年 | 37篇 |
1974年 | 53篇 |
1973年 | 50篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
971.
The formation and evolution of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film on the surface of natural graphite spheres in the electrolyte of 1 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (volume ratio 1:1) were investigated with use of focused ion beam (FIB) technology. Secondary electron FIB images clearly show the surface and cross-section morphology of the SEI film. The composition variation along the surface and cross section of the SEI film was also explored by the elemental line scan analysis (ELSA). The initial SEI film with an apparent thickness range of approximately 450 to approximately 980 nm is rough in morphology and nonuniform in composition, and contains small splits. After certain electrochemical cycles, the thickened SEI film displays microscale holes and obvious cracks on the surface, and the content of organic compounds increases. In addition, the concept of "internal SEI film" is first proposed based on the characterization of the cross section of the natural graphite spheres with the aid of FIB. Finally, the capacity fading mechanisms of the natural graphite spheres corresponding to different electrochemical stages are discussed. 相似文献
972.
Fu TW Liao YH Chen CY Chang PT Wang CY Lin JL 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2005,109(40):18921-18928
Temperature-programmed reaction/desorption, reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations have been employed to investigate the adsorption and thermal reactions of ClCH2CH2OH on clean and oxygen-precovered Cu(100) surfaces. On Cu(100), ClCH2CH2OH is mainly adsorbed reversibly. The ClCH2CH2OH molecules at a submonolayer coverage can change their orientation with increasing temperature. However, on oxygen-precovered Cu(100), all of the adsorbed ClCH2CH2OH molecules below 0.5 langmuir exposures completely dissociate to generate ethylene and acetaldehyde via the intermediate of ClCH2CH2O-. The computational studies predict that the ClCH2CH2O- is most likely to be adsorbed at the 4-fold hollow sites of Cu(100), with its C-O bond only slightly titled away from the surface normal and with a gauche conformation with respect to the C-C bond. The hollow-site ClCH2CH2O- has an adsorption energy that is 4.4 and 19.2 kcal x mol(-1) lower than that of the ClCH2CH2O- bonded at the bridging and atop sites, respectively. No significant effect of precovered oxygen on the ClCH2CH2O- bonding geometry and infrared band frequencies has been observed, as compared with the case without oxygen. 相似文献
973.
Majumder G Abe K Abe K Adachi I Aihara H Asano Y Aulchenko V Aushev T Bahinipati S Bakich AM Banerjee S Bedny I Bitenc U Bizjak I Blyth S Bondar A Bozek A Bracko M Brodzicka J Browder TE Chang MC Chang P Chao Y Chen A Chen KF Chen WT Cheon BG Chistov R Choi Y Chuvikov A Cole S Dalseno J Danilov M Dash M Drutskoy A Eidelman S Enari Y Fratina S Gabyshev N Gershon T Go A Gokhroo G Golob B Gorisek A Haba J Hara T Hastings NC Hayasaka K Hayashii H Hazumi M Hinz L Hokuue T Hoshi Y Hou S Hou WS 《Physical review letters》2005,95(4):041803
We report evidence for B(0) --> D(0)D(-) and the first observation of the decay modes B(-) --> D(0)D(-) and B(-) --> D(0)D(*-) based on a sample of 152 x 10(6) BB events collected by the Belle detector at KEKB. The branching fractions for B(0) --> D(+) D(-), B--->D(0)D(-), and B--> D(0)D(*-) are found to be (1.91 +/- 0.51 +/- 0.30) x10(-4), (4.83 +/- 0.78 +/- 0.58) x 10(-4), and (4.57 +/- 0.71 +/- 0.56) x 10(-4), respectively. Charge asymmetries in the B---> D(0)D(-) and B(-) --> D(0)D(*-) channels are consistent with zero. 相似文献
974.
Abe K Abe K Adachi I Aihara H Akatsu M Anipko D Asano Y Aushev T Aziz T Bahinipati S Bakich AM Banerjee S Bedny I Bitenc U Bizjak I Blyth S Bondar A Bozek A Bracko M Brodzicka J Chang P Chao Y Chen A Chen KF Chen WT Cheon BG Chistov R Choi SK Choi Y Chuvikov A Dalseno J Danilov M Dash M Drutskoy A Eidelman S Eiges V Fang F Fratina S Gabyshev N Garmash A Gershon T Gokhroo G Golob B Haba J Hastings NC Hayasaka K Hayashii H Hazumi M Higuchi T Hinz L Hokuue T Hoshi Y Hou S Hou WS Iijima T Imoto A 《Physical review letters》2005,94(22):221805
We report on the first observation of D0/1(2420)-->D0pi- pi+ and D+/1(2420-->D+ pi- pi+ decays (where the contribution from the dominant known D1-->D*pi decay mode is excluded) in the B- -->D0/1pi-) and (-)B0-->D+/1pi- decays, respectively. The observation is based on 15.2 x 10(7) B(-)B events collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB collider. We also set 90% confidence level upper limits for the branching fractions of the four following decays: B- -->D0/1pi-, D01-->D(*0)pi- pi+, (-)B0-->D+/1pi-, D+/1-->D(*+) pi- pi+, B- -->D(*0)2(2460)pi-, D(*0)2 -->D(*0) pi- pi+, (-)B0-->D(*+)2(2460)pi-, D(*+)2-->D(*+)pi- pi+. 相似文献
975.
Chang SL Stetsko YP Tang MT Lee YR Sun WH Yabashi M Ishikawa T 《Physical review letters》2005,94(17):174801
X-ray back diffraction from monolithic two silicon crystal plates of 25-150 microm thickness and a 40-150 microm gap using synchrotron radiation of energy resolution DeltaE = 0.36 meV at 14.4388 keV clearly show resonance fringes inside the energy gap and the total-reflection range for the (12 4 0) reflection. This cavity resonance results from the coherent interaction between the x-ray wave fields generated by the two plates with a gap smaller than the x-ray coherence length. This finding opens up new opportunities for high-resolution and phase-contrast x-ray studies, and may lead to new developments in x-ray optics. 相似文献
976.
Choi SK Olsen SL Abe K Abe K Adachi I Aihara H Asano Y Bahinipati S Bakich AM Ban Y Bedny I Bitenc U Bizjak I Bondar A Bozek A Bracko M Brodzicka J Browder TE Chang MC Chang P Chen A Chen WT Cheon BG Chistov R Choi Y Chuvikov A Cole S Dalseno J Danilov M Dash M Drutskoy A Eidelman S Enari Y Fang F Fratina S Gabyshev N Gershon T Gokhroo G Golob B Hara T Hastings NC Hayasaka K Hayashii H Hazumi M Hinz L Hokuue T Hoshi Y Hou S Hou WS Hsiung YB Iijima T Imoto A Inami K Ishikawa A Iwasaki M 《Physical review letters》2005,94(18):182002
We report the observation of a near-threshold enhancement in the omegaJ/psi invariant mass distribution for exclusive B-->KomegaJ/psi decays. The results are obtained from a 253 fb(-1) data sample that contains 275 x 10(6) BB pairs that were collected near the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e(+)e(-) collider. The statistical significance of the omegaJ/psi mass enhancement is estimated to be greater than 8sigma. 相似文献
977.
Chao Y Chang P Abe K Abe K Aihara H Akai K Akatsu M Akemoto M Asano Y Aushev T Bahinipati S Bakich AM Bay A Bedny I Bitenc U Bizjak I Bondar A Bozek A Bracko M Brodzicka J Browder TE Chen A Chen KF Chen WT Cheon BG Chistov R Choi SK Choi Y Chuvikov A Dalseno J Danilov M Dash M Dragic J Drutskoy A Eidelman S Eiges V Enari Y Fang F Flanagan J Fratina S Furukawa K Gabyshev N Garmash A Gershon T Gokhroo G Golob B Haba J Hastings NC Hayasaka K Hayashii H Hazumi M Hinz L Hokuue T Hoshi Y Hou S Hou WS 《Physical review letters》2005,94(18):181803
We report the observation of the decay B0-->pi(0)pi(0), using a 253 fb(-1) data sample collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e(+)e(-) collider. The measured branching fraction is B(B0-->pi(0)pi(0))=(2.3(+0.4+0.2)(-0.5-0.3))x10(-6), with a significance of 5.8 standard deviations including systematic uncertainties. We also make a measurement of the direct CP violating asymmetry in this mode. 相似文献
978.
Electronic Moirè patterns found on lead (Pb) quantum islands can serve as a template to grow self-organized cluster (nanopucks) arrays of various materials. These patterns can be divided into fcc- and hcp-stacked areas, which exhibit different binding strengths to the deposited adatoms. For Ag adatoms, the binding energy can differ substantially and the confined nucleation thus occurs in the fcc sites. Both the size distribution and spatial arrangement of the Ag nanopucks are analyzed and found to be commensurate with the characteristics of the template island, which exhibits a bilayer oscillatory behavior. 相似文献
979.
A pump-probe two-photon-excited fluorescence technique deciphers in space and time the propagation of ballistic wave packets sustained by whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) in a spiral-shaped microcavity. Diffraction on the spiral discontinuity does not prevent the WGMs from closing. The resultant average Q of the resonator is 3 x 10(4) +/- 50%. Experimental results are compared with numerical simulations, providing evidence of a new contribution to output coupling: Part of the WGM evanescent wave is reflected at the spiral notch and leads to a propagating wave at an angle that matches the previously observed laser emission direction in 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) and InGaN spiral lasers. 相似文献
980.
Advances in scattering-based optical imaging technologies offer a new approach to noninvasive point-of-care detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of cancer. Emerging photonics technologies provide a cost-effective means to image tissue in vivo with high resolution in real time. Advancing the clinical potential of these imaging strategies requires the development of optical contrast agents targeted to specific molecular signatures of disease. We describe the use of a novel class of contrast agents based on nanoshell bioconjugates for molecular imaging in living cells. Nanoshells offer significant advantages over conventional imaging probes including continuous and broad wavelength tunability, far greater scattering and absorption coefficients, increased chemical stability, and improved biocompatibility. We show that nanoshell bioconjugates can be used to effectively target and image human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a clinically relevant biomarker, in live human breast carcinoma cells. 相似文献