Observation of large CP violation in the neutral B meson system

We present a measurement of the standard model CP violation parameter sin2 phi(1) based on a 29.1 fb(-1) data sample collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider. One neutral B meson is fully reconstructed as a J/psi K(S), psi(2S)K(S), chi(c1)K(S), eta(c)K(S), J/psi K(L), or J/psi K(*0) decay and the flavor of the accompanying B meson is identified from its decay products. From the asymmetry in the distribution of the time intervals between the two B meson decay points, we determine sin2 phi(1) = 0.99+/-0.14(stat)+/-0.06(syst). We conclude that we have observed CP violation in the neutral B meson system.     

Electromagnetic Properties of Lanthanum Manganese Oxides Doped with Iron

The mechanism of GMR effects in La(Mn_1–x Fe _x )O₃ (x=0, 0.01, 0.03) oxides has been investigated by means of magnetic measurements, resistivity measurements in magnetic field and Mössbauer spectroscopy. For the x=0.01 sample, the GMR behavior is similar to that of the conventional (La, A)MnO₃ (A: divalent cations) oxides. For the x=0.03 sample, even though the temperature dependence of the Mössbauer spectra was similar to that of the x=0.01 sample, the mechanism for the occurrence of the GMR effect seems to be different. The x=0 sample shows a similar behavior to the x=0.03 sample. A thermal stabilization of spin fluctuation is proposed for the x=0 and x=0.03 sample.     

Precise measurement of the CP violation parameter sin2φ1 in B0→(cc¯)K0 decays

We present a precise measurement of the CP violation parameter sin2φ1 and the direct CP violation parameter A(f) using the final data sample of 772×10(6) BB[over ˉ] pairs collected at the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider. One neutral B meson is reconstructed in a J/ψK(S)(0), ψ(2S)K(S)(0), χ(c1)K(S)(0), or J/ψK(L)(0) CP eigenstate and its flavor is identified from the decay products of the accompanying B meson. From the distribution of proper-time intervals between the two B decays, we obtain the following CP violation parameters: sin2φ1=0.667±0.023(stat)±0.012(syst) and A(f)=0.006±0.016(stat)±0.012(syst).     

Rotation rate of a three-wing rotor illuminated by upward-directed focused beam in optical tweezers

The optical torque and the trapping position (focal point) in optical tweezers are analyzed for upward-directed focused laser illumination using a ray optics model, considering that laser light is incident at not only the lower surface but also the side surface of a 3-wing rotor. The viscous drag force due to the pressure and the shearing stress on all surfaces of the rotor is evaluated using computational fluid dynamics. The rotation rate is simulated in water by balancing the optical torque with the drag force, resulting in 500 rpm for an SU-8 rotor with 20 μm diameter at a laser power of 200 mW. The trapping position is estimated to be 7.6 μm in the rotor with an upward-directed laser at 200 mW via an objective lens having a numerical aperture of 1.4. Both the rotation rate and the trapping position agree well with the values obtained in the experiment.     

Measurement of B(0)(d)-B_(0)(d) mixing rate from the time evolution of dilepton events at the upsilon(4S)

We report a determination of the B(0)(d)-&B_(0)(d) mixing parameter Deltam(d) based on the time evolution of dilepton yields in Upsilon(4S) decays. The measurement is based on a 5.9 fb(-1) data sample collected by the Belle detector at KEKB. The proper-time difference distributions for same-sign and opposite-sign dilepton events are simultaneously fitted to an expression containing Deltam(d) as a free parameter. Using both muons and electrons, we obtain Deltam(d) = 0.463+/-0.008 (stat)+/-0.016 (syst) ps(-1). This is the first determination of Deltam(d) from time evolution measurements at the Upsilon(4S). We also place limits on possible CPT violations.     

Anomalous temperature dependence of the dielectric and optical properties in ferroelectric liquid crystals

The anomalous temperature dependence of the sign of the spontaneous polarization in a biphenyl ester series of ferroelectric liquid crystals is reported. The reversal of the sign of the spontaneous polarization in the chiral smectic C phase of 2MBNCBC ((S)-2′-methylbutyl-4′-n- nonylcarbonyloxy-(l,l′-biphenyl)-l-carboxylate) is observed at T _m. This anomaly is studied in detail as functions of the length of the terminal alkyl chain, the applied electric field, the frequency and the applied hydrostatic pressure. T _m has been confirmed to depend on the length of the terminal chain and the applied pressure. However, it is independent of the applied field and the measuring frequency. In the mixture of these compounds, this anomaly is also observed.     

Enormously extended π-electronic conjugation system of dimeric octaethylporphyrin transmitted with anthracene

Based on the fact that anthracene (Anth) possesses much higher similarity in electron-releasing ability to porphyrin nucleus than the other polyacenes, the dimeric octaethylporphyrin (OEP) derivatives 4 and 5 (OEP–Anth–OEP) were synthesized and their structure–property relationships were examined, as compared with related OEP dimers 1–3. Among them, the derivative 4 showed enormously high electronic communication between two terminal OEP rings, potentially providing a suitable unit of the electronic structure for molecular design of the OEP devices operating with less energy and with higher sensitivity to outside stimuli.     

Fabrication of microstructures on paraffin substrate using laser heating

In this paper, a technique of forming convex microstructures on a paraffin substrate using laser heating is described. This technique makes use of a phenomenon that solid paraffin, melted by continuous laser irradiation, grows into a pillar-shaped structure with a high aspect ratio in a liquid. Two-dimensional structures, such as line- and wall-shaped structures, are available by scanning irradiation. Also, it is possible to fabricate oblique structures with an inclined laser irradiation. In addition, some characteristics of this fabrication method, such as the laser power and the material temperature, are investigated. Furthermore, the mechanism of this fabrication method is presented. PACS 07.10.Cm; 47.55.Pf; 65.40.De; 79.20.Ds; 81.05.-t