Discovery of New Ginsenol-Like Compounds with High Antiviral Activity

A number of framework amides with a ginsenol backbone have been synthesized using the Ritter reaction. We named the acetamide as Ginsamide. A method was developed for the synthesis of the corresponding amine and thioacetamide. The new compounds revealed a high activity against H1N1 influenza, which was confirmed using an animal model. Biological experiments were performed to determine the mechanism of action of the new agents, a ginsamide-resistant strain of influenza virus was obtained, and the pathogenicity of the resistant strain and the control strain was studied. It was shown that the emergence of resistance to Ginsamide was accompanied by a reduction in the pathogenicity of the influenza virus.     

Effect of the synthesis temperature on some properties of aqueous dispersions of nanoparticles of oxygen-containing lanthanum compounds

The effect of the synthesis conditions of aqueous dispersions of oxygen-containing lanthanum compounds on the size, shape, and phase composition of nanoparticles is studied. It is established that the hydrolysis of lanthanum nitrate at the boiling point of a solution affords sols with a narrower particle size distribution and a higher degree of particle crystallinity. The ranges of [OH^?]/[La³⁺] concentration ratios are determined within which aggregatively stable aqueous dispersions of oxygen-containing lanthanum compounds can be synthesized.     

On groups whose all proper subgroups have Chernikov derived subgroups

We study the groups for which the derived subgroups of all proper subgroups are Chernikov subgroups under condition that they possess a normal system whose factors are locally graduated.     

Properties of coatings formed on titanium by plasma electrolytic oxidation in a phosphate-borate electrolyte

Effect of the component concentration of an orthophosphate-tetraborate aqueous electrolyte on the thickness, composition, surface structure, and protective properties of coatings deposited from this electrolyte was studied.     

Thermoelastic bending of a sandwich plate on a deformable foundation

The thermoelastic bending of a circular light-core sandwich plate on a deformable foundation is examined. To describe the kinematics of the plate with asymmetric thickness, the hypothesis of broken normal is adopted. The reaction of the foundation is described by Winkler’s model. The thermomechanical load is local and symmetric. The system of equilibrium equations is derived and solved exactly. Numerical results for three-layer metal-polymer plate are presented __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 96–103, February 2006.     

Influence of solid surface on the compatibility in polymer blends produced in situ

Blends of linear polyurethane and poly(methyl methacrylate) were obtained in situ in the course of simultaneously proceeding reactions of polymerization and polyaddition. The effect of filler nanoparticles on the thermodynamic properties of the systems was investigated. Introduction of filler into the monomer mixture before curing increases the compatibility of final systems, as follows from diminishing thermodynamic interaction parameters. The reverse correlation has been established between the interaction parameter and the fraction of an interfacial region between two phases, its origin being the result of incomplete phase separation. Introducing filler into the reaction system determines simultaneously the increasing compatibility and increasing fraction of an interfacial region, i.e., prevents phase separation. Both effects are due to increasing of the interaction between two polymeric components at the interface with solid and changing conditions of incomplete phase separation in the course of reaction.     

Evolution of the structure and phase state in nonequilibrium heterogeneous polymer systems

Structural and phase transformations in the course of the multistage physical aging of semi-inter-penetrating polymer networks based on crosslinked polyurethane and linear polystyrene are studied. Dynamic mechanical and thermophysical studies make it possible to assume that, as a result of the physical aging, a heterogeneous polymer system experiences structural rearrangements and the fraction of the inter-facial region increases.     

Fabrication of polytetrafluoroethylene- and graphite-containing oxide layers on aluminum and titanium and their structure

Stable aqueous electrolyte emulsions with negatively charged micelles containing dispersed particles of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or graphite are obtained using siloxane-acrylate emulsion as an emulsifier. The oxide coatings formed in such electrolytes contain carbon, polytetrafluoroethylene, or graphite. The coatings with PTFE particles are similar to monolithic polytetrafluoroethylene with respect to its hydrophobic characteristics. According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data, the surface of the formed coatings predominantly contains aliphatic carbon (C-C and C-H bonds) and some fraction of oxidized (or, in the case of PTFE-containing electrolytes, fluorinated) carbon.     

Transformations of 6,7-Epoxy Derivatives of Citral and Citronellal in Various Acidic Media

The transformations of 6,7-epoxy derivatives of widely spread in the nature unsaturated aldehydes, citral and citronellal, in various acidic media both under conditions of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis were investigated. A number of previously unknown products belonging to different classes of organic compounds was obtained. Probable mechanisms of the products formation are discussed.