Microbial desulfurization of waste latex rubber with Alicyclobacillus sp.

A microbe with desulfurizing capability, Alicyclobacillus sp., was selected to recycle waste latex rubber (WLR). The growth characteristics of the microorganism and the technical conditions in the co-culture desulfurization process were studied. The desulfurization effect of Alicyclobacillus sp. on the WLR was characterized, and the mechanism for the microbial desulfurization of WLR was tentatively explored. The results showed that adding 5% (w/v) WLR into medium had little effect on the growth of Alicyclobacillus sp. The surfactant polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) had a toxic effect on Alicyclobacillus sp., but the growth of the microbe was vigorous if the proper technique was used: the mixing of WLR with Tween 80, followed by the addition of the mixture into the culture media. With the increase of desulfurization time, the swelling value of desulfurizated waste latex rubber (DWLR) increased, but the crosslink density decreased. After co-culture desulfurization for 8–10 days, a DWLR with good desulfurization effect was obtained. The mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR)/DWLR composite improved significantly over those of NR/WLR composite. XPS and FTIR results revealed that Alicyclobacillus sp. could break the crosslinked sulfur bonds and oxidize them to sulfones groups. The increase of O element content on the surface of DWLR was confirmed by water contact angle measurements. The relationship between the crosslink density and sol fraction of DWLR with different desulfurization times agreed with the Horikx equation, an indication that the microorganisms could break the crosslinked sulfur bonds on the surface of WLR, but leaving the main chains intact.     

Contradictory effect of gold nanoparticle-decorated molybdenum sulfide nanocomposites on amyloid-β-40 aggregation

The effect of gold nanoparticle-decorated molybdenum sulfide (AuNP-MoS₂) nanocomposites on amyloid-β-40 (Aβ₄₀) aggregation was investigated. The interesting discovery was that the effect of AuNP-MoS₂ nanocomposites on Aβ₄₀ aggregation was contradictory. Low concentration of AuNP-MoS₂ nanocomposites could enhance the nucleus formation of Aβ₄₀ peptides and accelerate Aβ₄₀ fibrils aggregation. However, although high concentration of AuNP-MoS₂ nanocomposites could enhance the nucleus formation of Aβ₄₀ peptides, it eventually inhibited Aβ₄₀ aggregation process. It might be attributed to the interaction between AuNP-MoS₂ nanocomposites and Aβ₄₀ peptides. For low concentration of AuNP-MoS₂ nanocomposites, it was acted as nuclei, resulting in the acceleration of the nucleation process. However, the structural flexibility of Aβ₄₀ peptides was limited as the concentration of AuNP-MoS₂ nanocomposites was increased, resulting in the inhibition of Aβ₄₀ aggregation. These findings suggested that AuNP-MoS₂ nanocomposites might have a great potential to design new multifunctional material for future treatment of amyloid-related diseases.     

A hydrogen peroxide biosensor with high stability based on gelatin-multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode

A biosensor with high stability was prepared to determine hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). This hydrogen peroxide biosensor was obtained by modifying glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with a composite film composed of gelatin-multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Catalase (Cat) was covalently immobilized into gelatin-multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified GCE through the well-known glutaraldehyde (GAD) chemistry in order to enhance the stability of electrodes. The enzyme sensor can achieve direct electrochemical response of hydrogen peroxide. The cyclic voltammograms at different scan rates, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests indicate that the enzyme sensor performs positively on increasing permeability, reducing the electron transfer resistance, and improving the electrode performance. The linear response of standard curve for H₂O₂ is in the range of 0.2 to 5.0 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9972, and the detection limit of 0.001 mM. A high operational and storage stability is demonstrated for the biosensor. The peak potential at room temperature in two consecutive weeks stays almost consistent, and the enzyme activity is kept stable even after 30 days in further study.     

Turning Tryptophanase into Odor‐Generating Biosensors

An odor‐based sensor system that exploits the metabolic enzyme tryptophanase (TPase) as the key component is reported. This enzyme is able to convert an odorless substrate like S‐methyl‐L ‐cysteine or L ‐tryptophan into the odorous products methyl mercaptan or indole. To make a biosensor, TPase was biotinylated so that it could be coupled with a molecular recognition element, such as an antibody, to develop an ELISA‐like assay. This method was used for the detection of an antibody present in nM concentrations by the human nose. TPase can also be combined with the enzyme pyridoxal kinase (PKase) for use in a coupled assay to detect adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP). When ATP is present in the low μM concentration range, the coupled enzymatic system generates an odor that is easily detectable by the human nose. Biotinylated TPase can be combined with various biotin‐labeled molecular recognition elements, thereby enabling a broad range of applications for this odor‐based reporting system.     

采用新型引发剂乳液聚合法合成高相对分子质量聚乙烯醇

采用新型引发剂偶氮二异(N-胺乙基)丁脒(ABEA)对醋酸乙烯酯的低温乳液聚合进行了研究。通过正交试验得出了高相对分子质量聚醋酸乙烯酯的最佳工艺配方。讨论了引发剂浓度、反应温度和乳化剂浓度对聚合物相对分子质量和转化率的影响。对高相对分子质量聚醋酸乙烯酯醇解工艺进行了探讨,并获得了聚合度为3500~4000的聚乙烯醇。     

在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱/质谱法检测茶叶中的153种农药残留

建立了在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱/质谱(GPC-GC/MS)分析茶叶中153种农药残留的方法。样品用乙腈超声提取,提取液经石墨化炭黑固相萃取柱净化后,经GPC-GC/MS在线净化、分离和检测。方法的加标回收率为73.32%～117.05%,相对标准偏差为0.76%～13.18%。方法的检出限和定量限范围分别为0.0003～0.006 mg/kg和0.001～0.02 mg/kg。该方法样品前处理简单、分析时间短,灵敏度和精密度均符合农药多残留检测技术的要求,适用于茶叶中多种农药残留的检测。     

A novel electrochemical aptasensor for highly sensitive detection of thrombin based on the autonomous assembly of hemin/G-quadruplex horseradish peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme nanowires

In this work, a new signal amplified strategy was constructed based on isothermal exponential amplification reaction (EXPAR) and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) generating the hemin/G-quadruplex horseradish peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme (HRP-mimicking DNAzyme) nanowires as signal output component for the sensitive detection of thrombin (TB). We employed EXPAR’s ultra-high amplification efficiency to produce a large amount of two hairpin helper DNAs within a minutes. And then the resultant two hairpin helper DNAs could autonomously assemble the hemin/G-quadruplex HRP-mimicking DNAzymes nanowires as the redox-active reporter units on the electrode surface via hybridization chain reaction (HCR). The hemin/G-quadruplex structures simultaneously served as electron transfer medium and electrocatalyst to amplify the signal in the presence of H₂O₂. Specifically, only when the EXPAR reaction process has occurred, the HCR could be achieved and the hemin/G-quadruplex complexes could be formed on the surface of an electrode to give a detectable signal. The proposed strategy combines the amplification power of the EXPAR, HCR, and the inherent high sensitivity of the electrochemical detection. With such design, the proposed assay showed a good linear relationship within the range of 0.1 pM–50 nM with a detection limit of 33 fM (defined as S/N = 3) for TB.     

再装股票期权的Esscher变换定价

近年来,公司为了吸引和激励股票的执行者而引入了一系列的非传统期权.本文将讨论其中的一种:再装期权,运用Esscher变换给出了再装期权(只装一次)的闭式解,并提供了数值计算的例子,为实践者提供了理论上的参考价格.     

Transient analysis on surface heated piezoelectric semiconductor plate lying on rigid substrate

Based on the thermo-electro-elastic coupling theory, the mathematical model for a surface heated piezoelectric semiconductor (PS) plate is developed in the time domain. Applying the direct and inverse Laplace transformations to the established model, the mechanical and electrical responses are investigated. The comparison between the analytical solution and the finite element method (FEM) is conducted, which illustrates the validity of the derivation. The calculated results show that the maximum values of the mechanical and electrical fields appear at the heating surface. Importantly, the perturbation carriers tend to concentrate in the zone near the heating surface under the given boundary conditions. It can also be observed that the heating induced elastic wave leads to jumps for the electric potential and perturbation carrier density at the wavefront. When the thermal relaxation time is introduced, all the field quantities become smaller because of the thermal lagging effect. Meanwhile, it can be found that the thermal relaxation time can describe the smooth variation at the jump position. Besides, for a plate with P-N junction, the effect of the interface position on the electrical response is studied. The effects of the initial carrier density on the electrical properties are discussed in detail. The conclusions in this article can be the guidance for the design of PS devices serving in thermal environment.     

Synthesis of extremely stable blue light emitting poly(spirobifluorene)s with Suzuki polycondensation

[reaction: see text] Full spirobifluorene-based blue light emitting polymers, which exhibited extraordinary thermal and color stability, were prepared with SPC through an AB-type monomer route.