Dynamical Janssen effect on granular packing with moving walls

Apparent mass (M(app)) measurements at the bottom of granular packings inside a vertical tube in relative motion are reported. They demonstrate that Janssen's model is valid over a broad range of velocities v. The variability of the measurements is lower than for static packings and the theoretical exponential increase of M(app) with the height of the packing is precisely followed (the corresponding characteristic screening length is of the order of the tube diameter). The limiting apparent mass at large heights is independent of v and significantly lower than the static value.     

Bounded step superdiffusion in an oriented hexagonal phase

Fluorescence recovery after pattern photobleaching is used to measure the self-diffusion of surfactant molecules, along cylinders and perpendicular to their main axis in an oriented hexagonal lyotropic phase. Unexpectedly, while the motion along cylinders is diffusive, a superdiffusive behavior is observed in the direction perpendicular to the cylinder axis. Moreover, varying the lattice parameter, we found that the perpendicular diffusion time is governed only by the number of cylinders to cross, providing experimental evidence for superdiffusion with a bounded step length.     

Bifurcation Analysis of a Predator–Prey System with Generalised Holling Type III Functional Response

We consider a generalised Gause predator–prey system with a generalised Holling response function of type III: . We study the cases where b is positive or negative. We make a complete study of the bifurcation of the singular points including: the Hopf bifurcation of codimensions 1 and 2, the Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation of codimensions 2 and 3. Numerical simulations are given to calculate the homoclinic orbit of the system. Based on the results obtained, a bifurcation diagram is conjectured and a biological interpretation is given.      

Aristolochic Acids as a Defensive Substance for the Aristolochiaceous Plant‐Feeding Swallowtail Butterfly,Pachliopta aristolochiae interpositus

The chemical constituents isolated from every stage of the Taiwanese swallowtail butterfly, Pachliopta aristolochiae interpositus, were studied and compared with the constituents of the insect feeding plant, A. cucurbitifolia. Two aristolochic acid derivatives ( 1 and 4 ) and three aristolactam analogues ( 5, 6 , and 7 ) were isolated from the larval osmeterial fluid and larvae of the insect. In addition, four purines ( 2, 3, 13 , and 14 ), one indole alkaloid ( 11 ), one steroid ( 10 ), two benzenoids ( 8 and 9 ) and allantoin ( 12 ) were also isolated from the insect. Among these compounds, aristolochic acid ‐I (AA‐I, 1 ) was detected in all life stages of the insect, especially in the larval osmeterial fluid. The studies confirm that the toxic AAs are used as larval feeding stimulants and deterrent allomones against birds.     

Two‐Step Spin Transition in a 1D FeII 1,2,4‐Triazole Chain Compound

A thermochromic 1D spin crossover coordination (SCO) polymer [Fe(βAlatrz)₃](BF₄)₂ ? 2 H₂O ( 1? 2 H₂O), whose precursor βAlatrz, (1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl‐propionate) has been tailored from a β‐amino acid ester is investigated in detail by a set of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared, and Raman measurements. An hysteretic abrupt two‐step spin crossover (T_1/2^↓=230 K and T_1/2^↑=235 K, and T_1/2^↓=172 K and T_1/2^↑=188 K, respectively) is registered for the first time for a 1,2,4‐triazole‐based Fe^II 1D coordination polymer. The two‐step SCO configuration is observed in a 1:2 ratio of low‐spin/high‐spin in the intermediate phase for a 1D chain. The origin of the stepwise transition was attributed to a distribution of chains of different lengths in 1? 2 H₂O after First Order Reversal Curves (FORC) analyses. A detailed DFT analysis allowed us to propose the normal mode assignment of the Raman peaks in the low‐spin and high‐spin states of 1? 2 H₂O. Vibrational spectra of 1? 2 H₂O reveal that the BF₄^? anions and water molecules play no significant role on the vibrational properties of the [Fe(βAlatrz)₃]²⁺ polymeric chains, although non‐coordinated water molecules have a dramatic influence on the emergence of a step in the spin transition curve. The dehydrated material [Fe(βAlatrz)₃](BF₄)₂ ( 1 ) reveals indeed a significantly different magnetic behavior with a one‐step SCO which was also investigated.