ATR-FTIR investigation on the complexation of myo-inositol hexaphosphate with aluminum hydroxide

The adsorption isotherm of and the pH effect on the adsorption of myo-inositol hexaphosphate (myo-IP6) on amorphous aluminum hydroxide was investigated. It was found that the adsorption isotherm of myo-IP6 on aluminum hydroxide could be well fitted with the Freundlich isotherm. The amount of myo-IP6 adsorbed remained almost constant in the range of pH 4.0 to 7.0, but it decreased considerably as the initial pH was over 7. The adsorption of myo-IP6 resulted in an increase in the pH level due to the release of OH(-) ions, which suggested that the adsorption of myo-IP6 on aluminum hydroxide was caused by a ligand exchange reaction. ATR-FTIR analysis of myo-IP6 in solution and adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide at different pH were performed. The ATR-FTIR investigation indicated that myo-IP6 was adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide by forming inner-sphere complexes and adsorption facilitated the deprotonation of phosphate groups. The asymmetric vibration of the PO bond in AlPO(-)(3) appearing at a lower frequency than that in the terminal HPO(-)(3) indicated that Al bound to the O atom not as strongly as the H atom did. The ATR-FTIR investigation and theoretical calculation (with the Gaussian 03 program) revealed that three of the six phosphate groups in myo-IP6 molecules were bound to aluminum hydroxide while the other three remained free when myo-IP6 was adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide.     

氨基酸在乙醇/磷酸氢二钾双水相体系中分配行为

研究了5种结构和性质各异的氨基酸(谷氨酸,半胱氨酸,苯丙氨酸,赖氨酸,精氨酸)在亲水性有机溶剂乙醇和磷酸盐溶液形成的乙醇/K2HPO4双水相体系中的分配行为及其影响因素。当双水相体系中乙醇的质量分数从22%增加到30%时,半胱氨酸和苯丙氨酸的分配系数明显增大,其它三种氨基酸的分配系数变化幅度不大;当磷酸盐的质量分数从14%增加到22%时,氨基酸的分配系数的变化均不明显;双水相体系的pH值对氨基酸的分配系数影响较大,当pH增加时,5种氨基酸的分配系数均增加,但是当pH约为9.5时,苯丙氨酸、半胱氨酸的分配系数接近相等但与其它3种氨基酸的分配系数相差较多,当pH为6.0~8.0时,苯丙氨酸的分配系数远远大于另外4种氨基酸。氨基酸的支链结构中含有非极性基团将导致其分配系数的增加。     

SnO2TiO2 复合半导体纳米薄膜的研究进展*

本文概述了SnO₂TiO₂ 复合半导体纳米薄膜的发展历史和研究现状,对比分析了“混合”、“核壳”和“叠层”3 种复合薄膜的结构和性能特点,着重论述了叠层结构的SnO₂ /TiO₂复合薄膜的光电化学和光催化特性。结合作者的研究工作,探讨了SnO₂ /TiO₂双层复合薄膜上下层厚度对其光催化活性的影响,指出复合薄膜光催化活性的提高可归因于电子从TiO₂ 向SnO₂ 的迁移。最后对SnO₂ /TiO₂复合薄膜的局限性和发展潜势做一简要分析,强调了该复合薄膜本身的应用特点。     

蛋白质的电化学分析研究进展

对蛋白质的电化学分析的进展及应用进行综述。从蛋白质的极谱行为、在固体电极上的电化学行为、催化氢波、与小分子物质的配合作用等多角度介绍了近期的研究热点,分析了蛋白质化学研究的意义与现状,并对今后的发展方向作了展望,引用相关文献28篇。     

SnO2TiO2 复合半导体纳米薄膜的研究进展

本文概述了SnO₂TiO₂ 复合半导体纳米薄膜的发展历史和研究现状,对比分析了“混合”、“核壳”和“叠层”3 种复合薄膜的结构和性能特点,着重论述了叠层结构的SnO₂ /TiO₂复合薄膜的光电化学和光催化特性。结合作者的研究工作,探讨了SnO₂ /TiO₂双层复合薄膜上下层厚度对其光催化活性的影响,指出复合薄膜光催化活性的提高可归因于电子从TiO₂ 向SnO₂ 的迁移。最后对SnO₂ /TiO₂复合薄膜的局限性和发展潜势做一简要分析,强调了该复合薄膜本身的应用特点。     

Dynamics of ice nucleation on water repellent surfaces

Prevention of ice accretion and adhesion on surfaces is relevant to many applications, leading to improved operation safety, increased energy efficiency, and cost reduction. Development of passive nonicing coatings is highly desirable, since current antiicing strategies are energy and cost intensive. Superhydrophobicity has been proposed as a lead passive nonicing strategy, yet the exact mechanism of delayed icing on these surfaces is not clearly understood. In this work, we present an in-depth analysis of ice formation dynamics upon water droplet impact on surfaces with different wettabilities. We experimentally demonstrate that ice nucleation under low-humidity conditions can be delayed through control of surface chemistry and texture. Combining infrared (IR) thermometry and high-speed photography, we observe that the reduction of water-surface contact area on superhydrophobic surfaces plays a dual role in delaying nucleation: first by reducing heat transfer and second by reducing the probability of heterogeneous nucleation at the water-substrate interface. This work also includes an analysis (based on classical nucleation theory) to estimate various homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation rates in icing situations. The key finding is that ice nucleation delay on superhydrophobic surfaces is more prominent at moderate degrees of supercooling, while closer to the homogeneous nucleation temperature, bulk and air-water interface nucleation effects become equally important. The study presented here offers a comprehensive perspective on the efficacy of textured surfaces for nonicing applications.     

应用超高分辨质谱成像技术研究脂类分子在小鼠肝组织中的分布

利用基质辅助激光解吸电离-傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪对磷脂类分子在小鼠肝组织中的分布进行了研究,建立了质谱成像技术检测小鼠肝组织中磷脂类分子分布的分析方法.以7 g/Lα腈基-4-羟基肉桂酸的50%甲醇溶液(含0.2%三氟乙酸)作为基质,采用正离子采集模式,准确鉴定了5类13种磷脂类分子,其分子量主要分布在700～9...     

Comparison of different methods to measure contact angles of soil colloids

We compared five different methods, static sessile drop, dynamic sessile drop, Wilhelmy plate, thin-layer wicking, and column wicking, to determine the contact angle of colloids typical for soils and sediments. The colloids (smectite, kaolinite, illite, goethite, hematite) were chosen to represent 1:1 and 2:1 layered aluminosilicate clays and sesquioxides, and were either obtained in pure form or synthesized in our laboratory. Colloids were deposited as thin films on glass slides, and then used for contact angle measurements using three different test liquids (water, formamide, diiodomethane). The colloidal films could be categorized into three types: (1) films without pores and with polar-liquid interactions (smectite), (2) films with pores and with polar-liquid interactions (kaolinite, illite, goethite), and (3) films without pores and no polar-liquid interactions (hematite). The static and dynamic sessile drop methods yielded the most consistent contact angles. For porous films, the contact angles decreased with time, and we consider the initial contact angle to be the most accurate. The differences in contact angles among the different methods were large and varied considerably: the most consistent contact angles were obtained for kaolinite with water, and illite with diiodomethane (contact angles were within 3 degrees); but mostly the differences ranged from 10 degrees to 40 degrees among the different methods. The thin-layer and column wicking methods were the least consistent methods.     

各向同性弹性力学求解新体系正交关系的研究

在弹性力学求解新体系中,将文献[3]对偶向量进行重新排序后,提出了一种新的对偶微分矩阵L,对于各向同性3维弹性力学问题发现了一种新的正交关系,文中证明了这种正交关系的成立,对于各向同性问题,新的正交关系包含文献[3]的正交关系。     

镓铟锡液滴撞击泡沫金属表面的运动学特性研究

常温下为液态的镓铟锡合金以其优异的导热性能在具有特殊要求的传热领域有着重要的应用价值,与传统流动介质相比较大的表面张力使得其产生的流动现象必有所区别.本文研究镓铟锡所形成的液滴撞击泡沫金属表面后所产生的铺展、回缩及回弹现象.采用高速相机拍摄液滴投影轮廓随液滴运动的变化过程,并通过图像处理获得不同撞击速度、底板表面孔径下的液滴铺展系数、中心位置轮廓高度以及液滴回弹后在空中的振动特性.研究结果表明:具有较高表面张力的镓铟锡液滴的铺展系数随无量纲时间的变化在铺展初始阶段仍满足常规流体的1/2次幂关系,只在铺展后期与底板的无量纲孔径有关系;液滴的最大铺展系数在较小无量纲孔径底板大于在光滑镍板,且随底板无量纲孔径增大而逐渐减小;在回弹过程,由于底板孔隙结构的存在使得液滴回弹后在空中的振动呈现3种形态:规则的横向和纵向振动、带旋转的横向和纵向振动以及旋转振动;最后,通过对振动频率的拟合和分析,进一步拓展了传统振动频率理论公式在非规则振动过程预测中的应用.