Recent development in the field of ceramics solid-state electrolytes: I—oxide ceramic solid-state electrolytes

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Many elements in the periodic table form ionic compounds; the crystal lattices of such compounds contain cations and anions, which are arranged in the way...     

High resolution spectroscopy of (lambda)(12)B by electroproduction

An experiment measuring electroproduction of hypernuclei has been performed in hall A at Jefferson Lab on a 12C target. In order to increase counting rates and provide unambiguous kaon identification two superconducting septum magnets and a ring imaging Cherenkov detector were added to the hall A standard equipment. An unprecedented energy resolution of less than 700 keV FWHM has been achieved. Thus, the observed (Lambda)(12)B spectrum shows for the first time identifiable strength in the core-excited region between the ground-state s-wave Lambda peak and the 11 MeV p-wave Lambda peak.     

A critical review-promises and barriers of conversion electrodes for Li-ion batteries

Conversion-type electrode materials are discussed in this critical review. Most of the conversion materials are significantly less expensive than modern intercalation-type materials, and the materials involved are appreciably abundant in the nature. However, up to now, no practically viable battery with conversion material-based electrodes was reported, as there are several major barriers to a practical employment of these materials. First, material utilization and cell energy performance are seriously compromised by a low conductivity of the most conversion materials and by a substantial electrolyte involvement in the electrochemical process. Second, the conversion reactions usually demonstrate a severe volume effect, and also conversion electrodes interact with electrolyte developing thick and resistant solid electrolyte interphase films; both of these features result in impractically low electrode cyclability. Third, a large lithiation/de-lithiation voltage hysteresis results in impractically low charge/discharge energy efficiency and suggests a severe battery heating in the course of the battery operation. All these problems present serious challenges for the researchers in the field; the approaches for handling these issues are discussed in the review. For the foreseeable future, there are grounds to expect progress in tackling some of these issues. The issue of high voltage hysteresis is a bottleneck, though, and it actually precludes conversion materials from any practical application.     

Asymptotics of Weil�CPetersson Geodesics II: Bounded Geometry and Unbounded Entropy

We use ending laminations for Weil–Petersson geodesics to establish that bounded geometry is equivalent to bounded combinatorics for Weil–Petersson geodesic segments, rays, and lines. Further, a more general notion of non-annular bounded combinatorics, which allows arbitrarily large Dehn-twisting, corresponds to an equivalent condition for Weil–Petersson geodesics. As an application, we show theWeil–Petersson geodesic flow has compact invariant subsets with arbitrarily large topological entropy.     

Gram-scale synthesis of (+)-discodermolide

[formula: see text] A triply convergent, highly efficient second-generation synthesis of the potent antimitotic agent (+)-discodermolide (1) has been achieved on a 1-g scale.     

Kinetics of the reaction Cl + CH4 → CH3+ HCl from 200° to 500deg;K

The rate constant for the reaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\rm Cl} + {\rm CH}_4 \mathop {\longrightarrow}\limits^1 {\rm CH}_3 + {\rm HCl}$\end{document} has been determined over the temperature range of 200°–500°K using a discharge flow system with resonance fluorescence detection of atomic chlorine under conditions of large excess CH₄. For 300° > T > 200°K the data are best fitted to the expression k₁ = (8.2 ± 0.6) × 10^?12 exp[?(1320 ± 20)/T] cm³/sec. Curvature is observed in the Arrhenius plot such that the effective activation energy increases from 2.6 kcal/mol at 200° < T < 300°K to 3.5 kcal/mol at 360° < T < 500°K. The data over the entire range may be fitted by the expression k₁ = 8.6×10^?18 T^2.11 exp[?795/T]. These results are compared with other experimental studies and with a semiempirical transition state calculation. Their atmospheric significance is discussed.     

Sobolev spaces and symbolic calculus

We use elementary theory of distributions and geometry of Euclidean spaces to obtain a theorem on the symbolic calculus of several variables in spaces of Fourier series with weights.     

Lipschitz spaces and Suslin sets

Every bounded Suslin set in the plane is the set of eigenvalues of some bounded operator in a separable B-space.     

Ray helicity: geometric invariant for multidimensional resonant wave conversion

For a multicomponent wave field propagating into a multidimensional conversion region, the rays are shown to be helical, in general. For a ray-based quantity to have a fundamental physical meaning, it must be invariant under the following two groups of transformations, which are used to construct solutions: congruence transformations (which involve linear combinations of components of the multicomponent wave field) and canonical transformations (which act on the ray phase space). It is shown that for conversion between two waves there is a new invariant not previously discussed: the intrinsic helicity of the ray.