Development of the Self-doping Porous Carbon and Its Application in Supercapacitor Electrode

The massive discharge of biomass wastes not only causes waste of resources, but also pollutes the environment. Therefore, converting biomass wastes into carbon materials is an effective way to solve the above problems. Here, using biomass waste pig nails as raw materials and K₂CO₃ as chemical activators, the N-doped porous carbon(KPNC) is prepared by direct pyrolysis. As an electrode for supercapacitors, the electrochemical tests of KPNCs showed that they exhibited good electrochemical performance and excellent cycling stability. When the current density is 0.2 A/g, the specific capacitance is up to 344.6 F/g. Moreover, it still maintains 97.6% initial capacitance retention after 2000 cycles at a high current density of 5 A/g. Above exceptional electrochemical performances may be ascribed to an appropriate porous structure(S_micro/S_total=80.31%, V_micro/V_total=76.19%), high nitrogen contents(4.44%, atomic fraction), oxygen contents(9.13%, atomic fraction) as well as small internal resistance. The above experimental results show that the conversion of pig nails to porous carbon can reduce the waste of resources and alleviate environmental pollution.     

微波萃取–高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定食品包装用纸中11种荧光增白剂

采用微波萃取高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定食品包装用纸中11种荧光增白剂含量.将样品剪成约0.5 cm×0.5 cm的碎片,用体积分数为40％的乙腈水溶液(含体积分数为0.6％的三乙胺),于80℃微波萃取15 min,用高效液相色谱仪进行定性定量分析.采用Kromasil 100–5型C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)作为分析柱,荧光激发波长为362 nm,发射波长为410 nm,11种荧光增白剂可以较好的分离.11种荧光增白剂质量浓度线性范围为2～150μg/L,相关系数均不小于0.9996,方法检出限为0.1～0.2 mg/kg,定量限为0.3～0.6 mg/kg.样品加标平均回收率为86.0％～108.4％,相对标准偏差为0.4％～4.9％(n=6).该方法前处理简便,检测高效,灵敏度高.     

一站式CT检查系统在急性胸痛患者干预方案中的应用

本研究探讨一站式CT检查系统在急性胸痛患者管理中干预方案的应用。将符合急性胸痛患者49例纳入研究,采用自动触发方式采集患者上胸部volume数据集和心胸部volume数据集,经过处理后获得胸主动脉、冠状动脉、肺动脉及全胸部图像。本研究中,测量结果发现平均CT值主动脉弓是(332±51)Hu,升主动脉是(435±53)Hu,肺动脉干是(491±93)Hu,降主动脉是(454±70)Hu,而左冠状动脉和右冠状动脉分别是(425±60)Hu、(415±62)Hu。病变鉴定发现,急性肺栓塞12例,主动脉弓动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂8例,肺组织实变4例,慢性肺栓塞伴右心衰竭2例,胸腔积液2例,左冠状动脉非关键性狭窄11例,右冠状动脉非关键性狭窄7例,心包积液2例,复合解剖畸形1例。总之,本研究通过一站式CT检查系统对急性胸痛患者干预方案的制定提供了重要指导。     

Esterification of Oleic Acid to Produce Biodiesel over 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid Anchored Two-dimensional Zeolite

Biodiesel has emerged as a non-toxic, biodegradable, and renewable fuel substitute that can be readily produced via the esterification reaction of free fatty acids. The present work explores the potential of 12-tungstophosphoric acid(TPA) anchored two-dimensional(2D) ITQ-2 zeolite(TPA/ITQ-2) as heterogeneous acid catalysts for biodiesel production. TPA/ITQ-2 material was prepared by swelling, delamination, and subsequent wetness incipient impregnation approach. The prepared catalysts were comprehensively characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption/desorption, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, flou-rier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The catalytic activity of TPA/ITQ-2 for biodiesel production was evaluated by the esterification reaction of oleate acid with methanol. Process parameters, such as reactant molar ratio and TPA loading were optimized. Due to the superior mass transfer and adequate stable acid sites, 2D TPA/ITQ-2 showed a higher catalytic activity and a better recyclable stability than the 3D and layered TPA/zeolites. This work will provide new opportunities for the design of 2D zeolite-based acid catalysts for biodiesel production.     

Recent Process of Photo-responsive Materials with Aggregation-induced Emission

The research of photo-responsive materials, with changed absorption and emission under light stimulus, has drawn more and more attention due to their wide applications. However, most of them suffered from the notorious aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ) effect, which often led to the unconspicuous luminescent change in photo-responsive process. To solve this problem, the strategy of combining aggregation-induced emission(AIE) and photochromic properties was utilized, which largely enriched the phenomenon and application of photo-responsive materials. This short review summarized the recent progress of photo-responsive AIE materials with changed UV absorbance or PL phenomenon under UV-irradiation, including the types of molecular structures, internal mechanisms and the practical applications. Also, some outlooks were given on the further exploration of this field at the end of this paper.     

农林院校校外实验教学基地分类考评机制及考评指标改革研究——大学化学校外实践基地实证分析*

针对大学化学校外实践教学基地建设和运行过程中的基地与高校的协同管理机制,实践教学基地软硬条件建设和资源配置及实践教学与理论学习的连贯性等问题,在OBE理论指导下,探究分类考核机制,在实证中构建分层次考评模型及考评指标,并建立适合于农林高校的化学校外实践教学基地的分类考评指标体系。     

基于曲线问题情境的信息化教学尝试*——以“沉淀溶解平衡”为例

基于高中生对实验曲线理解困难的现状,为挖掘实验曲线的教学价值,以沉淀溶解平衡为例,结合课堂演示实验和教学软件,设计了“宏观微观符号曲线”多重表征教学为一体的实验探究课。根据沉淀溶解平衡实验证据,绘制实验曲线,构建微观模型和图像,从而培养学生的证据收集与应用意识,提高学生对曲线的分析和理解能力,领会各种变化曲线的来源。在曲线理解的基础上建立“溶解平衡转化”思维模型,以此为开展“曲线融入式”的问题引导型实验教学提供参考案例。     

纸基微流控技术及其在食品安全检测中的研究进展

纸基微流控技术（μPADs）是一种在微米尺度的纸基芯片上进行样品制备、反应、分离、检测的技 术,具有材料便宜、制作简单、易回收、结构多样、试剂消耗少、环保可降解等特点,在食品安全快速检测 领域具有实用价值。该文对纸芯片制备、流体操控及检测模式进行了介绍。首先阐述了纸芯片功能化改性方 法及生物分子的固定方式,总结了经处理后的纸张制备为二维（2D）或三维（3D）纸芯片的方法;其次论述了 流体在纸基材料上不完全浸湿和完全浸湿两个阶段的运输机理,综合分析了智能化流体操纵技术;最后介绍 了可与纸基微流控平台联用的检测方法,并综述了纸基微流控装置在食品安全检测中的应用研究进展,提出 纸基微流控技术在食品行业未来面临的挑战及发展趋势。     

常见鼠药中毒及检测技术研究进展

鼠药是控制有害啮齿类动物最经济有效的方式,而大多数鼠药对人畜均具有较强的毒性。鼠药的不合理使用严重威胁人类和其他非靶标动物的生命安全。由误食、二次中毒、自杀及恶意投毒等原因导致的中毒事件时有发生。发展快速准确的鼠药中毒检测技术对于及时确定中毒靶标从而进行有效干预、对症治疗是降低鼠药危害的重要手段。常规的鼠药检测大多基于液相色谱-串联质谱等仪器分析方法。近年来,免疫分析技术由于具有操作简单、快速的优点,开始用于鼠药的快速检测。该文重点针对典型的氟乙酰胺、毒鼠强和抗凝血类鼠药的中毒概况和检测技术进行了总结,以期为相关领域研究人员提供技术指导。     

基于高光谱的黑色签字笔墨水种类鉴别方法研究

该文提出了高光谱成像技术结合机器学习快速无损鉴别黑色签字笔墨水种类的新方法。采集36支不同品牌型号的黑色签字笔笔迹的高光谱图像,对每支签字笔笔迹的高光谱图像选取18个感兴趣区域,共提取648个平均光谱作为样本集。对450～950 nm的原始光谱进行Savitzky－Golay平滑、Z－Score标准化和两种组合方法光谱预处理,使用线性判别分析（LDA）和随机子空间－线性判别分析（RSM－LDA）分别构建黑色签字笔墨水种类鉴别模型。实验结果表明：不同预处理方法对RSM－LDA模型的鉴别准确率影响较小,而对于LDA模型,组合预处理具有更优的鉴别准确率;相比LDA模型,RSM－LDA模型分类效果更佳,训练集的平均分类准确率达100%,交叉验证平均分类准确率达99.09%,测试集的平均分类准确率达90.70%,每类样本的准确率、精准率、召回率均高于LDA模型分类结果,模型的接受者操作特征曲线下方面积（AUC值）达0.998 3,模型性能良好。因此,采用高光谱成像技术结合RSM－LDA可实现不同品牌型号黑色签字笔墨水的快速无损鉴别。