Evaluation of Thermal Hazard of Composite Modified Double-base Propellant by Microcalorimetery Method

<正>The thermal decomposition behavior of composite modified double-base(CMDB) propellant containing cyclotrimethylene trinitramine(RDX) was studied via a Calvet microcalorimeter at five different heating rates.The activation energy(E) and the pre-exponential factor(A) of two obvious exothermic processes were obtained by Kissinger's method and Ozawa's method.The entropy of activation(△A~≠),the enthalpy of activation(△H~≠),and the free energy of activation(△G~≠) of the first stage were calculated.To evaluate the thermal hazard of the RDX-CMDB propellant, the critical temperature of thermal explosion(T_b),the self acceleration decomposition temperature(T_(SADT)),the adiabatic decomposition temperature increment(△T_(ad)) and the time-to-explosion of adiabatic system(t) were presented as 145.3℃,138.15℃,1634 K and 583.71 s(n=0) and 586.28 s(n=1),respectively.     

Synthesis, Structure and Luminescence of Zn4.5Cu3 Heteronuclear Coordination Polymer Comprising Macrocyclic Oxamide and 5-Sulfosalicylic Ion

<正>The complex[Zn_(4.5)(SSA)_3(CuL)_3(H_2O)_6]_n was synthesized and structurally determined,where SSA is fully deprotonated 5-sulfosalicylic acid(CuL,H_2L=2,3-dioxo-5,6,14,15-dibenzo-1,4,8,12-tetraazacyclo-pentadeca- 7,13-dien).The title complex crystallized in the triclinic system with space group P1,a=1.19788(17) nm,b=1.4253(2) nm,c=2.2890(4) nm,α=90.211(2)°,β=93.076(2)°,γ=90.600(2)°.The complex displayed a 1D ladderlike chain.All these 1D chains were further interlinked via hydrogen bonds,resulting in a 2D architecture.The luminescent property of the compound was also discussed.     

Estimation of Critical Temperature of Thermal Explosion for Trinitromethyl Explosives by Non-isothermal DSC

Two general expressions and their six derived formulae for estimating the critical temperature(Tb) of thermal explosion for energetic materials(EMs) were derived from the Semenov’s thermal explosion theory and eight non-isothermal kinetic equations via reasonable hypothesis. We can easily obtain the values of the initial temperature(T0i) at which DSC curve deviates from the baseline of the non-isothermal DSC curve of EMs, the onset temperature(Tei), the exothermic decomposition reaction kinetic parameters and the values of T00 and Te0 from the equation T0i or ei=T00 or e0+α1βi+α2βi2+···+αL–2βiL–2, i=1, 2, ···, L and then calculate the values of Tb by means of the six derived formulae. The results obtained with the six derived calculating methods for six trinitromethyl explosives: bis(2,2,2- trinitroethyl-N-nitro) ethylene diamine(BTNEDA), 2,2,2-trinitroethyl-4,4,4-trinitrobutyrate(TNETB), bis(2,2,2- trinitroethyl) formal(BNTF), bis(2,2,2-trinitroethyl-nitramine)(BTNNA), 2,2,2-trinitroethyl-2,2,2-trinitroethyl-N- nitroamino acetate(TNTNNA) and tetrakis [2,2,2-trinitroethyl] orthoester(TTNOE) agree well with each other.     

溶剂萃取法提锂的研究进展

总结了采用溶剂萃取法在盐湖卤水中提取锂资源的三类萃取剂:酸性萃取剂、中性络合萃取剂和碱性萃取剂,分析了三类不同萃取剂在萃取锂工艺过程的优缺点,指出了溶剂萃取法从高镁锂比的盐湖卤水中萃取提锂尚待攻克的技术难题。     

北京颐和园古建筑上红色颜料的分析研究

本文利用X射线荧光(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、光学显微镜、扫描电镜能谱(SEM-EDX)等多种仪器组合技术,对取自北京颐和园古建筑上的13个样品的23个红色颜料点进行了分析测试。研究结果表明:红色颜料大多为赤铁矿,有少量是铅丹,朱砂仅见于一个文物样品上,另有一部分是有机染料。赤铁矿和有机染料多存在于表层颜料中,而铅丹都作打底之用。该工作提供了古代建筑油饰彩画颜料分析的技术方法,对了解中国古代建筑彩画特别是官式彩画的材料组成、制作工艺和修复保护具有重要意义。     

查尔酮衍生物E-2-(甲氨基)-7-(3-(吡啶基)丙烯酰基)卓酮的合成(英文)

以2-乙酰基-7-(甲氨基)卓酮(1)为原料,经由与各种吡啶醛的Claisen-Schmidt缩合反应得到查尔酮衍生物E-2-(甲氨基)-7-(3-(吡啶基)丙烯酰基)卓酮(2～5).全部合成产物均为新化合物,未见文献报道;其结构均由红外光谱分析、1H核磁共振、质谱及元素分析得以证实.     

ZnO/Eu~(3+)发光材料的高温固相合成及其发光性能

采用高温固相法制备了ZnO/Eu3+红色长余辉发光材料.应用正交试验设计法(每个因素取3个水平,选用L9(34)正交试验表),以初始亮度为指标,研究了煅烧温度、Eu3+质量分数、敏化剂Li+质量分数、煅烧时间等4个因素对发光性能的影响;利用X射线衍射仪对合成的ZnO/Eu3+发光材料进行了物相分析,应用荧光分光光度计测定了样品的激发光谱和发射光谱,应用照射计测定了样品的发光特性.结果表明,当各个因素在水平范围内变化时,所制备的样品均具有ZnO晶格结构;荧光粉的主激发峰位于365 nm和458 nm处,主发射峰位于480 nm、570 nm和600 nm~640 nm,对应于Eu3+的4f和5d间的激发和发射.所确定的最佳合成条件为:煅烧温度850℃,w(Eu3+)=4%,w(Li+)=2.5%,煅烧时间3 h.     

盐酸法制备低氟含量饲料级磷酸氢钙的工艺研究

在不添加任何除氟剂的条件下,用盐酸浸取磷矿,通过调整工艺参数和采用特殊的试验条件,制备了低氟含量饲料级磷酸氢钙;着重探讨了盐酸浓度、反应时间、静置时间、温度、鼓气速率等因素对磷酸氢钙中氟含量的影响.结果表明,在盐酸溶解过程中减少氟的溶出,有利于在反应中同步降低氟含量;得到的磷酸经简单的过滤、中和,可用于制备氟含量低达0.1%(低于国家标准0.18%)的饲料级磷酸氢钙.     

三元钴配合物[Co(NCS)_2(ql)_2](ql=喹啉)的合成及其晶体结构和荧光性质

合成了含异硫氰酸根和喹啉(ql)混合配体的钴配合物[Co(NCS)2(ql)2];利用红外光谱、紫外光谱和X射线单晶衍射等手段对其结构进行了表征;研究了配合物在室温下的荧光发射光谱特性.单晶结构解析结果表明,标题化合物属于单斜晶系,P21/c空间群,晶胞参数为:a=1.486 33(5)nm,b=0.844 44(3)nm,c=1.541 16(5)nm,β=92.093(2),V=1.933 0(2)nm3,Z=4,Dc=1.489 g/cm3,μ=1.116 mm-1,F(000)=884,R1=0.032 2,wR2=0.078 6.配合物中钴离子采用四配位的四面体配位构型,晶体堆积中通过π-π作用形成一维超分子结构.     

基于PEI的亚氨乙酸型复合螯合吸附材料IAA-PEI-SiO_2的制备及其螯合吸附特性

以偶联剂γ-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷为媒介,将聚胺大分子聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)以偶合接枝的方式,接枝于微米级硅胶微粒表面,制得接枝微粒PEI-SiO2,然后以氯乙酸为试剂,通过亲核取代反应将亚氨乙酸(IAA)基团键合于硅胶微粒表面,形成了具有多齿配基的亚氨乙酸型螯合微粒IAA-PEI-SiO2。重点研究了螯合微粒IAA-PEI-SiO2的制备过程,初步探讨了其对重金属离子及稀土离子的螯合吸附特性。研究结果表明:接枝微粒PEI-SiO2与氯乙酸之间的亲核取代反应遵循SN2反应历程;反应温度较高或缚酸剂用量过多时,会促进氯乙酸的水解,减缓亲核取代反应,使亚氨乙酸的键合率下降;适宜的反应温度为60℃,适宜的缚酸剂NaHCO3用量是使体系中NaHCO3与氯乙酸物质的量之比为1∶1。与接枝微粒PEI-SiO2相比,螯合微粒IAA-PEI-SiO2对Cu2+及Eu3+的吸附容量大幅度提升,显示出强螯合吸附特性。