阵列式光纤光谱仪的小麦霉变在线检测

小麦是我国战略性储藏粮食品种，但小麦易受霉菌感染而发生霉变，影响其食用安全。加强小麦有害霉菌侵染程度的早期检测是控制其危害的需要措施。然而，现有的平板计数和荧光染色等检测方法，普遍存在前处理繁杂、时效性差等不足。故此，拟运用阵列式光纤光谱仪结合化学计量学方法，建立霉变小麦的实时在线检测方法，并为进一步开发粮食品质与安全在线检测装备提供参考。小麦样品经辐照灭菌后分别接种五种谷物中常见有害霉菌：串珠镰刀菌83227、层出镰刀菌195647、雪腐镰刀菌3.503、寄生曲霉3.3950和赭曲霉3.3486，并置于28 ℃和85%相对湿度环境中储藏7 d以加速霉变。在样品储藏的第0，1，3，5和7 d，运用阵列式光纤光谱仪和漫反射探头在线采集样品的漫反射特征光谱，并依据国标平板计数法测定样品菌落总数水平。光谱采集步骤为：在线检测平台上，设置样品运动速度0.15 m·s-1和光谱仪积分时间20 ms，采集波段为600~1 600 nm，重复测量3次。然后，首先对小麦原始光谱进行平滑、多元散射校正和导数变换等预处理以消除光谱噪音；随后，运用主成分分析(PCA)对受不同霉变程度(储藏阶段)的小麦样品进行区分；最后，利用线性判别分析(LDA)和偏最小二乘回归分析(PLSR)建立小麦有害霉菌侵染程度的定性定量分析模型。小麦在储藏期内经历未霉变、开始霉变和严重霉变三个阶段。原始和二阶微分光谱显示霉菌侵染引起小麦光谱特征发生显著改变，PCA结果表明不同储藏阶段(霉变程度)小麦样品存在一定分离趋势。利用前十个主成分得分建立的LDA判别模型，对不同霉变程度小麦样品的识别率达90.0%以上。结果表明：小麦样品菌落总数的PLSR定量预测模型的预测决定系数(R2_p)为0.859 2，预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.401 Log CFU·g-1，相对分析偏差(RPD)达2.65。应用阵列式光纤光谱仪结合计量学方法在线评估小麦霉变具有一定可行性。下一步研究中，应扩大样品量，补充自然霉变及受更多代表性霉菌侵染的小麦样品，以不断增强模型的鲁棒性和方法的适用性。     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel 2D Cadmium(Ⅱ) Complex Constructed from N-(3-Carboxyphenyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium and Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic Acid

A novel redox-active bipyridinium ligand N-(3-carboxyphenyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium chloride (HCPBPyCl) and its coordination polymer {[Cd2(CPBPy)2(BDC)(H2O)2Cl2]·6H2O}n 1 (H2BDC = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid) were synthesized and characterized. Crystallographic data for 1: C42H44Cd2C12N4O16, Mr = 1156.51, monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 21.046(3), b = 11.0036(15), c = 20.012(3)A, β = 98.694(8)°, Z = 4, V = 4581.1(11) A3, Dc = 1.677 g/cm3, F(000) = 2280 and μ = 1.120 mm-1. Complex 1 possesses a thick and undulated two-dimensional layer with (6,3) topology, which interpenetrates with two others (above and below) to extend into a three-di- mensional supramolecular framework.     

Synthesis of polypeptide/inorganic hybrid block copolymers

Polypeptide/inorganic hybrid copolymers were obtained by a four-step synthetic approach combining (i) atom transfer polymerization of tert-butyl acrylate, (ii) chemical modification of the bromo end groups of ATRP-polymers into primary amino group using Gabriel reaction, (iii) ring opening polymerization of N_ε-trifluoroacetyl-l-lysine or γ-benzyl-l-glutamate N-carboxyanhydrides followed by (iv) the transamidification reaction using a large excess of (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane to substitute the tert-butyl groups of the poly(tert-butyl acrylate) block. Products were characterized using ¹H NMR, FT-IR, DSC and MALDI-TOF MS. These techniques proved that polymerization of tert-butyl acrylate was controlled whatever the molecular weight targeted and that bromide was quantitatively converted to amino end group by a original method leading to the synthesis of copolymers in the presence of N-carboxyanhydrides as monomers. Amphiphilic polypeptide/inorganic hybrid copolymers were then achieved.     

Linear analysis of degree correlations in complex networks

Many real-world networks such as the protein–protein interaction networks and metabolic networks often display nontrivial correlations between degrees of vertices connected by edges. Here, we analyse the statistical methods used usually to describe the degree correlation in the networks, and analytically give linear relation in the degree correlation. It provides a simple and interesting perspective on the analysis of the degree correlation in networks, which is usefully complementary to the existing methods for degree correlation in networks. Especially, the slope in the linear relation corresponds exactly to the degree correlation coefficient in networks, meaning that it can not only characterize the level of degree correlation in networks, but also reflects the speed that the average nearest neighbours’ degree varies with the vertex degree. Finally, we applied our results to several real-world networks, validating the conclusions of the linear analysis of degree correlation. We hope that the work in this paper can be helpful for further understanding the degree correlation in complex networks.     

铕(Ⅲ)、铽(Ⅲ) β-二酮配合物的制备及表征

醋酸铕、醋酸铽分别与乙酰丙酮在60°C水浴下加热回流,生成两种稀土β-二酮配合物,即乙酰丙酮铕(Eu(acac)3?3H2O)和乙酰丙酮铽(Tb(acac)3?3H2O),在紫外灯下观察配合物发光现象,乙酰丙酮铕在紫外灯下显暗红色,乙酰丙酮铽在紫外灯下显亮绿色。红外分析结果与理论相吻合,荧光分析表明它们是较好的荧光材料,热分析结果说明它们的热稳定性相对较高。     

A new curvularin glycoside and its cytotoxic and antibacterial analogues from marine actinomycete Pseudonocardia sp. HS7

Five curvularin macrolides (1–5) were isolated from the cultured broth of marine actinomycete Pseudonocardia sp. HS7 that was obtained from the cloacal aperture of sea cucumber Holothuria moebii. The structures of these isolates were characterized as (11S,15R)-11-hydroxycurvularin (1), (11R,15R)-11-hydroxycurvularin (2), curvularin-7-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (3), trans-dehydrocurvularin (4) and curvularin (5) based on their NMR and HRESIMS data as well as chemical degradation. Compound 3 is a new macrolide with a rare α-D-glucopyranose substituent. Compounds 1–4, 5a and 5c (the acyl products of 5), suppressed the proliferation of all six tested cancer cell lines and 4 is the most active compound with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.59 to 3.39 μM. The 11-hydroxycurvularins 1 and 2 also showed antibacterial activity inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli.     

Al2O3/SnO2 Co-Nanoparticle Modified Grafted Collagen for Improving Thermal Stability and Infrared Emissivity

Al2O3/SnO2 co-nanoparticles were prepared with a modified sol-gel technique followed by a thermal treatment process. With these co-nanoparticles the grafted collagen-Al2O3/SnO2 nanocomposites were obtained using a supersonic dispersion method. X-ray diffraction, FT-IR analysis, transmission electron microscopy, TGA/DTA and infrared emissivity test were performed to characterize the resulting nanoparticles and nanocomposites, respectively. The Al2O3/SnO2 co-nanoparticles showed a narrow distribution of size between 20-40 nm and could be uniformly absorbed on the tri-helix scaffolds of the grafted collagen without any aggregation. The nanocomposites possessed better thermal stability and substantially lower infrared emissivity than the grafted collagen and Al2O3/SnO2 co-nanoparticles with an increase of degradation temperature from 39 to 210 ℃ and a decrease of infrared emissivity from 0.850 of the grafted collagen and 0.708 of the Al2O3/SnO2 co-nanoparticles to 0.424, which provided a potential application of the nanocomposites to areas such as photoelectronics.     

The calculations of phonon dispersion relations for single-wall carbon armchair and zigzag nanotubes

A 3D single-wall carbon nanotube can be viewed as a 2D graphite sheet rolled into a 3D cylinder. In the study of dispersion relations of carbon nanotubes, the consistent force parameters for 2D graphite sheets have to be modified to include the curvature effect. The present paper reports a series of calculations of phonon dispersion relations for single-wall carbon armchair, zigzag nanotube in which the curvature effect has been properly treated. The symmetry of crystal vibration mode at the centre of Brillouin zone is analyzed based on our numeric results and the structure symmetry of the nanotubes.     

关于一种新模型对软件总体可靠度的估计

本文在对文[4]中软件可靠度的估计进行研究的基础上,提出了软件总体可靠性的一个新模型,对软件总体的可靠度进行了讨论,利用点估计方法,得到软件可靠度的点估计值,证明了软件总体失效率λ估计解的唯一性,并对缺陷数进行了估计,从而给出了新模型下软体总体可靠性的估计.     

Double Diffractive Dissociation Process p + p(p) → Xp + Xp(p) + Π+ + Π- at High Energy and the Pomeron Model of Donnachie-Landshoff

Large p_γ charged pion pair produced in Double Diffractive Dissocjation (DDD) process at high energy is studied with double pomeron (IP) exchange mechanism. Using DonnachieLandshoff pomeron model we have calculated the cross-section of the process at the energy interval from ISR to LHC when the rapidity of the charged pions is approximately equal to zero. It is shown that this process is the favorite in experiments which could effectively be used to examine Donnachie-Landshoff pomeron model and provide a possibility to check the value of the suppression coefficient N².