Derivation of baroclinic Ertel–Rossby invariant-based thermally-coupled vorticity equation in moist flow

For the potential vorticity （PV） invariant, there is a PV-based complete-form vorticity equation, which we use heuris- tically in the present paper to answer the following question： for the Ertel-Rossby invariant （ERI）, is there a corresponding vorticity tendency equation？ Such an ERI-based thermally-coupled vorticity equation is derived and discussed in detail in this study. From the obtained new vorticity equation, the vertical vorticity change is constrained by the vertical velocity term, the term associated with the slope of the generalized momentum surface, the term related to the horizontal vorticity change, and the baroclinic or solenoid term. It explicitly includes both the dynamical and thermodynamic factors＇ influence on the vorticity change. For the ERI itself, besides the traditional PV term, the ERI also includes the moisture factor, which is excluded in dry ERI, and the term related to the gradients of pressure, kinetic energy, and potential energy that reflects the fast-manifold property. Therefore, it is more complete to describe the fast motions off the slow manifold for severe weather than the PV term. These advantages are naturally handed on and inherited by the ERI-based thermally-coupled vorticity equation. Then the ERI-based thermally-coupled vorticity equation is further transformed and compared with the traditional vorticity equation. The main difference between the two equations is the term which describes the contribution of the solenoid term to the vertical vorticity development. In a barotropic flow, the solenoid term disappears, then the ERI-based thermally-coupled vorticity equation can regress to the traditional vorticity equation.     

“天光”一号MOPA系统光学元件加工与镀膜的进展

本文阐述了在中国原子能科学研究院“天光一号”ＫｒＦ激光核聚变实验装置上，ＭＯＰＡ系统光学元件加工与镀膜研究工作的进展。实验测量结果表明，加工后的基片表面均方根粗糙度对于Ｋ９光学玻璃与熔融石英玻璃来说分别为σｒｍｓ＝１．８±０．５ｎｍ，σｒｍｓ＝２．０±０．４ｎｍ。镀ＨｆＯ２／ＳｉＯ２高反射膜的光学元件的反射率与破坏阈值分别为Ｒ＞９９．５％，Ｅｔｈ＝１．３０～１．３３Ｊ／ｃｍ２。镀Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＭｇＦ２增透膜的光学元件的透射率与破坏阈值分别为Ｔ＞９９．５％，Ｅｔｈ＝１．３～１．９７Ｊ／ｃｍ２。     

Improved detection of time windows of brain responses in fMRI using modified temporal clustering analysis

Temporal clustering analysis (TCA) has been proposed recently as a method to detect time windows of brain responses in functional MRI (fMRI) studies when the timing and location of the activation are completely unknown. Modifications to the TCA technique are introduced in this report to further improve the sensitivity in detecting brain activation. The modified TCA is based on the integrated signal intensity of a temporal cluster at each time point, while the original TCA is based only on the size of a temporal cluster at each time point. A temporal cluster at each time point is defined, in both TCA methods, as a group of pixels reaching their maximum (or minimum) values at the same time. Both computer simulation and in vivo fMRI experiments have been performed. Compared with the original TCA, the modified TCA shows a significant improvement in the sensitivity to detect activation peaks for determining time windows of brain responses.     

晚期HEMP作用下铁路牵引供电系统GIC算法研究

高空核爆电磁脉冲晚期效应（E₃）会引起地磁场剧烈变化并形成地面感应电场。感应电场等效为激励源与地面长距离导体和大地构成回路,产生地磁感应电流 （GIC）。GIC可引起牵引供电系统中变压器直流偏磁,从而严重威胁牵引供电系统的安全运行。本文基于平面波理论、分层大地电导率模型并结合牵引供电系统的电路模型,提出E₃作用下的牵引供电系统GIC算法,并以带回流线的直接供电方式的铁路牵引供电系统为例,首次计算了系统GIC情况。结果表明,该供电方式下牵引供电系统中的GIC远大于系统中变压器等设备的耐受值,为进一步研究E₃作用下牵引供电系统效应及我国铁路设备选型、灾害防治等提供支撑。     

First-principles analysis of phonon thermal transport properties of two-dimensional WS_2/WSe_2 heterostructures

The van der Waals(vdW)heterostructures of bilayer transition metal dichalcogenide obtained by vertically stacking have drawn increasing attention for their enormous potential applications in semiconductors and insulators.Here,by using the first-principles calculations and the phonon Boltzmann transport equation(BTE),we studied the phonon transport properties of WS2/WSe2 bilayer heterostructures(WS2/WSe2-BHs).The lattice thermal conductivity of the ideal WS2/WSe2-BHs crystals at room temperature(RT)was 62.98 W/mK,which was clearly lower than the average lattice thermal conductivity of WS2 and WSe2 single layers.Another interesting finding is that the optical branches below 4.73 THz and acoustic branches have powerful coupling,mainly dominating the lattice thermal conductivity.Further,we also noticed that the phonon mean free path(MFP)of the WS2/WSe2-BHs(233 nm)was remarkably attenuated by the free-standing monolayer WS2(526 nm)and WSe2(1720 nm),leading to a small significant size effect of the WS2/WSe2-BHs.Our results systematically demonstrate the low optical and acoustic phonon modes-dominated phonon thermal transport in heterostructures and give a few important guidelines for the synthesis of van der Waals heterostructures with excellent phonon transport properties.     

13CH4分子v3振动带空气和氮气加宽系数温度依赖性研究

采用中红外波段连续可调谐二极管激光器和自行研制的低温吸收池, 测量了温度为296 K, 252 K, 213 K, 173 K时, 3.38 μm附近¹³CH₄分子的四条跃迁谱线的氮气和空气加宽光谱; 首次通过实验获得空气和氮气对¹³CH₄分子的碰撞加宽系数, 以及谱线加宽系数的温度依赖系数. 实验过程中, 利用Voigt线型对所测量的光谱进行拟合. 实验结果表明, 氮气和空气对¹³CH₄分子的碰撞诱导加宽系数随温度的降低而增大; 相同温度下, 氮气对¹³CH₄分子的碰撞加宽系数普遍大于空气加宽系数. 实验数据为地球和外星体大气遥感探测提供了依据.     

诱导空间非相干束匀滑技术的近区特性及改善技术

诱导空间非相干技术是面向激光驱动惯性约束核聚变的一种具有自身独特优势的束匀滑方法.然而直接使用诱导空间非相干方法将引起强烈的近区强度空间调制,这将威胁装置的运行安全,并严重限制装置的最大输出能力.这也是该方法应用于聚变级高功率激光装置的主要技术障碍之一.本文介绍了一种通过双透镜滤波系统对诱导空间非相干束匀滑技术导致的近区空间强度调制进行匀滑的技术.利用该技术可以在保留诱导空间非相干束匀滑方法的先天优势(更好的远区匀滑特性)的前提下,获得均匀、稳定的近区强度分布,从而避免高功率激光系统在使用诱导空间非相干束匀滑技术时,因为近区强度不均匀、不稳定导致的器件损伤及输出能力受限.在理论建模和数值分析的基础上,以近区调制度、软化因子和透过率为主要评价指标,对比分析了方形、圆形、高斯型等3种滤波孔在不同尺寸下的近区输出效果,最终给出了一种典型的优化结果:16×16诱导空间非相干分割数、0.8倍衍射极限宽度、方形小孔.此时近区强度分布均匀,同时保证了较好的远区匀滑效果和高的能量利用率.在此基础上,针对装置的实际应用情况,进一步分析了准直误差对近区强度分布的影响,结果表明准直误差小于0.1倍衍射极限便不会影响输出的近区质量.对诱导空间非相干束匀滑方法所得焦斑的模拟分析表明,滤波系统的加入能进一步改善焦斑的低频不均匀性.     

High index of refraction via quantum interference in a three-level system of Er^3＋-doped yttrium aluminium garnet crystal

A simple three-level system is proposed to produce high index of refraction with zero absorption in an Er^3＋-doped yttrium aluminium garnet （YAG） crystal, which is achieved for a probe field between the excited state 4I13/2 and ground state 4I15/2 by adjusting a strong coherent driving field between the upper excited state 4I11/2 and 4I15/2. It is found that the changes of the frequency of the coherent driving field and the concentration of Er^3＋ ions in the YAG crystal can maximize the index of refraction accompanied by vanishing absorption. This result could be useful for the dispersion compensation in fibre communication, laser particle acceleration, high precision magnetometry and so on.     

600 kJ供能系统及其在轨道炮中的应用

 本文介绍了一种适合于电磁轨道炮使用的600 kJ供能系统。初级能源是电容器组。经过短路开关和电感储能线圈组成的转换电路，把能量输送给轨道炮。系统的主控开关和短路开关是金属接触型固体介质爆炸开关。本文推荐了一种爆炸开关闭合电阻随时间变化的经验模型。这套供能系统经过实验证明，它运行可靠、性能稳定。     

向列相液晶中强非局域空间光孤子传输的理论研究

对向列相液晶中非局域空间孤子的传输进行了理论研究.基于非线性液晶孤子传输方程，采用Gauss形式的试探解，不仅得到了空间孤子的解析解,而且还在临界功率附近得到了呼吸子的解析解.通过数值模拟证明我们的结果比Conti和Assanto等人的结果更合理.同时，对液晶中的非局域孤子模型和Snyder等提出的强非局域孤子模型进行了全面的比较. 关键词： 向列相液晶 空间孤子 非局域非线性 呼吸子