高温高压与CVD金刚石单晶衬底质量对比研究

本文通过高分辨X射线衍射(HRXRD)、激光拉曼光谱(Raman)、晶格畸变检测等测试分析方法对多组高温高压(HTHP) Ⅰb、HTHP Ⅱa和化学气相沉积(CVD)型(100)面金刚石单晶样品进行对比研究。HRXRD和Raman的检测结果均表明HTHP Ⅱa型金刚石单晶的结晶质量接近天然金刚石,其XRD摇摆曲线半峰全宽和Raman半峰全宽分别为0.015°~0.018° 和1.45~1.85 cm^-1。晶格畸变检测仪的检测结果表明,HTHP Ⅱa型金刚石单晶的应力分布主要有两种:一种几乎无明显应力分布,另一种沿<110>方向呈对称的放射状分布,其他区域无晶格畸变。HTHP Ⅰb和CVD型金刚石单晶应力分布均相对分散,晶格畸变复杂,与其HRXRD和Raman的检测结果相符。进一步利用等离子体刻蚀法对三种类型金刚石单晶(100)面位错缺陷进行对比分析,结果表明,HTHP Ⅱa型金刚石位错密度为三者中最低,仅为1×10³ cm^-2。本研究为制备高质量大尺寸CVD金刚石单晶的衬底选择提供了实验依据。     

Size-controlled synthesis of orderly organized cube-shaped lead sulfide nanocrystals via a solvothermal single-source precursor method

Monodisperse cube-shaped lead sulfide (PbS) nanocrystals were successfully synthesized by virtue of a solvothermal single-source precursor method at mild reaction conditions. These resulted PbS nanocrystals have the average size in a range of 10 nm and a uniform cubic shape, shown by TEM and HRTEM, respectively. Due to their narrow size distribution, orderly self-organized arrays on a large scale can be easily obtained. Experimental results indicate that several factors, such as coordinating ability of the solvent, carbon number of the substitute alkyls (n), reaction temperature, and concentration of the precursor, play key roles in the final size and size distribution of PbS nanocrystals. This finding will enhance our understanding for the formation mechanism of nanostructured materials with special shapes.     

Modeling of pedestrian evacuation under fire emergency based on an extended heterogeneous lattice gas model

An extended heterogeneous lattice gas (E-HLG) model is developed by introducing an altitude factor into the heterogeneous lattice gas (HLG) model. The altitude factor is used to describe the position height of lattice sites. Evacuation features from a terrace classroom are investigated through simulations using both the model and experiments. To study evacuation processes under fire emergency, an agent-based fire and pedestrian interaction (FPI) model is proposed. It is supposed that the possible moving directions of a pedestrian depend on the environmental temperature field, which is simulated by the software FDS. The walking speed reduction due to the visibility worsening in the FPI model is described by a multi-grid method. It is found that simulation results based on the extended HLG model are in good agreement with the experiments. The altitude factor plays a guidance role to the evacuation, and the fire notably delays the evacuation due to both the harmfulness of the high temperature field and the change of evacuation routes which results in frequent local jamming and clogging.     

应用于平扫CT图像肺结节检测的深度学习方法综述

肺癌是一种致死率很高的癌症.通过肺部平扫CT影像检测肺结节对肺癌早期诊断、治疗意义重大.全面介绍了一种革命性的图像识别技术——深度学习方法,在肺结节检测中的应用.首先,横向对比了不同卷积神经网络的结构及其在图像识别上的效果,其次着重分析了不同深度学习方法在训练肺结节分类器上的应用,包括faster-RCNN、迁移学习、残差学习以及迁移学习.还介绍了一些可用的肺部CT影像数据集供读者参考.     

Gold surface plasmon crystal structure based‐on polystyrene template for biosensor application

In this communication, we assembled ordered polystyrene (PS) microsphere array as a template with the drop‐coating method, and the oxygen plasma was used to etch the template to adjust the spacing between the PS microspheres. Nano‐triangular gold array and silver nano‐pyramid array were obtained by ion beam sputtering to deposit precious metal gold and silver. We observed the surface morphology of Au and Au/Ag composite films by scanning electron microscope and characterized the films by X‐ray diffraction and ultraviolet/visible light spectrophotometer. The results show that the etching time of oxygen plasma has an obvious effect in adjusting the spacing between PSs and has a significant effect on the morphology of Au structure.     

Influence of comb-like copolymer dispersants with different molecular structures on the performance of CaCO3 suspension in organic system

A series of comb-like copolymer poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)-graft-poly(ε-caprolactone) (SMA-g-PCL, SP) with variation in PCL side chain length and side chain density were synthesized and employed as an efficient dispersant for CaCO₃ suspension in organic solvent. The effects of molecular structures of comb-like copolymer on adsorption, rheological behavior, and suspension stability were investigated systemically to elucidate the governing dispersing mechanism. The molecular structures of comb-like copolymer not only significantly influenced the adsorption behavior but also the rheological behavior and suspension stability. Calculations based on the scaling law and Flory theory made a profound understanding of the impact of the molecular structure of comb-like copolymer on dispersion property. The results revealed that the steric repulsive force was enhanced by increasing of side chain length or density. However, the surface area for one molecule on CaCO₃ surface was also increased for its larger radius of the hemispheres of comb-like copolymer. This led to the worse activity of adsorption. The dispersion of CaCO₃ was due to the synergistic effects of adsorption and steric hindrance effect, which resulted that the comb-like copolymer with moderate length and density of side chain presented the best dispersability.     

LIPS-200离子推力器热特性模拟分析研究

为了对20 cm口径LIPS-200环形会切磁场离子推力器的热设计研究提出优化建议,利用LIPS-200离子推力器内部放电能量沉积数学模型计算结果开展推力器的稳态和瞬态热分析,并进行热平衡试验加以验证。结果显示：当推力器处于稳态工作时,其内部磁钢的温度分布是影响推力器热设计的关键因素,而通过提高推力器内外部件的表面发射率,可以使内部关键部件温度降低50~60 ℃,相关热平衡试验验证结果与仿真分析结果基本吻合。     

离子推力器工作性能参数控制模型

为了研究离子推力器工作参数对输出特性的影响,通过离子推力器工作性能参数的理论计算公式,建立起离子推力器输入参数与输出参数的Simulink控制模型,根据模型分别对我国研制的30 cm口径以及20 cm口径离子推力器的工作输出参数进行了理论计算,并通过推力测量试验对理论值进行了比对和分析。比对结果表明：在推力理论计算过程中引入二价Xe离子比率和束流密度分布推力修正,以及推力均方误差修正后,推力理论值与实测值符合性较好,计算误差小于1 mN,证明了推力修正方法的合理性。     

Robust μ -stability for uncertain stochastic neural networks with unbounded time-varying delays

In this paper, we investigate the global robust stability for uncertain stochastic neural networks with unbounded time-varying delays and norm-bounded parameter uncertainties. A new concept of global robust μ-stability in the mean square for neural networks is given first, then by means of the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, stability criteria are presented. Several corollaries are also derived. A simple example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the main result.