G波段500 W带状注扩展互作用速调管设计研究

针对太赫兹频段实现高功率面临物理机制上的难题,设计了一个G波段带状注速调管,展示了基于非相对论带状电子注和扩展互作用技术所能达到的功率水平以及影响性能的物理因素。文中设计基于电压24.5 kV、电流0.6 A,1 mm×0.15 mm的椭圆电子注,以及与之相匹配的互作用系统,即横向过尺寸哑铃型多间隙谐振腔,可以实现高功率和高增益。三维PIC仿真结果显示,在考虑实际腔体损耗的情况下,能够获得超过500 W的功率,电子效率和增益分别达到3.65%和38.2 dB。研究发现,输出功率和效率的提升很大程度上受到多间隙腔模式稳定性以及电路欧姆损耗的制约;输出腔的欧姆损耗对输出功率影响尤为显著,工程设计需要特别考虑。本文的研究为高频段带状注扩展互作用器件的研发打下了良好的基础。     

高功率微波作用下限幅器尖峰泄漏特性

针对限幅器在高功率微波（HPM）作用下的尖峰泄漏问题,基于搭建的HPM注入实验平台和电路仿真开展了研究。研究结果表明：当注入功率超过6 dBm时,限幅器会出现尖峰泄漏现象,限幅器泄漏尖峰的上升沿与脉宽随着注入功率的增加而减小,而绝对尖峰泄漏功率随注入功率的增加呈增长趋势,平顶泄漏功率呈近似“线性增加-缓慢下降-小幅增长”趋势。并且,实验结果显示：HPM脉宽与重频对限幅器尖峰泄漏特性基本无影响,其泄漏特性变化规律与单次脉冲的基本一致;尖峰泄漏能量随注入功率的增加而降低。     

毫米波速调管电子光学系统的研究

电子光学系统是毫米波速调管长寿命和整管性能实现的关键,毫米波速调管零件尺寸较小,为了在Ka波段和W波段实现千瓦量级的输出功率,要求具有高的电子注通过率及低的阴极负荷。对Ka波段和W波段电子光学系统特性进行了分析,确定了Ka波段10 kW分布作用速调管和W波段1 kW分布作用速调管电子光学系统的设计方案,利用软件对电子枪和聚焦系统的结构进行计算,并采用CST仿真软件对设计的电子枪发射的电子注在聚焦磁场中的状态进行优化。设计出的Ka波段速调管电子光学系统,电子枪工作电压26 kV,发射电流2 A,互作用区长度30 mm,磁场强度大于0.6 T,流通达到100%。设计的W波段速调管电子光学系统,电子枪工作电压17 kV,电流0.65 A,互作用区长度20 mm,磁场大于0.9 T,流通达到100%。已制成Ka波段速调管和W波段速调管,设计的电子光学系统能够满足速调管工程化需求。     

A Ru(II)-Based Nanoassembly Exhibiting Theranostic PACT Activity in NIR Region

Photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) has appealing merits over traditional chemotherapy as well as photodynamic therapy (PDT) by virtue of its spatial and temporal control on drug activity and oxygen-independent mechanisms of action. However, the short photoactivation wavelengths, e.g., visible light–activated Ru(II)-based PACT agents, limit the clinical application severely. In this work, a facile construction of supramolecular nanoparticles from a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-modified [Ru(dip)₂(py-SO₃)]⁺ (abbreviated as Ru-PEG, dip = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, py-SO₃ = pyridine-2-sulfonate) and 1,3-phenylenebis(pyren-1-ylmethanone) (BP) is shown. While Ru-PEG may undergo photoinduced ligand dissociation and release anticancer species of [Ru(dip)₂(H₂O)₂]²⁺, BP has extremely large two-photon absorption cross sections (δ₂) in the NIR region and intense fluorescence over the wavelengths where Ru-PEG has strong absorption. Thus, two-photon excitation of BP followed by an efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from BP to Ru-PEG may lead to a potent inactivation against cisplatin-resistant cancer cells and 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs). The residue fluorescence of BP also allows the cellular uptake of the particles to be visualized. This work provides a universal and convenient strategy to realize theranostic PACT in the ideal phototherapeutic window of 650–900 nm.     

Maghemite/poly(<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">d,l</Emphasis>-lactide-<Emphasis Type="Italic">co</Emphasis>-glycolyde) composite nanoplatform for therapeutic applications

A reproducible methodology is described for the synthesis, by following the double emulsion/solvent evaporation technique, of magnetic nanocomposites (average diameter ≈ 135 nm) consisting of maghemite nuclei and a biodegradable poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) matrix. The heterogeneous structure of the nanoparticles can confer them the responsiveness to magnetic gradients, giving both the possibility of their use as a drug delivery system and adequate heating characteristics for a hyperthermia effect. The physical chemistry of the nanocomposites was extensively characterized, this establishing that their surface properties were similar to that of pure poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide). From an electrokinetic point of view, zeta potential determinations (as a function of the ionic strength, and pH) pointed out that the nanocomposites were almost indistinguishable from the copolymer. The surface thermodynamic analysis agreed with the electrophoretic one in suggesting that the coverage of the magnetic nuclei was complete, since the hydrophilic nature of maghemite was modified and the nanoparticles turned into hydrophobic, just like the copolymer, when they were embedded into poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide). The magnetic behaviours of the composite nanoparticles were also checked. Their heating properties were studied in vitro in a high-frequency alternating gradient of magnetic field: a stable maximum temperature of 47 °C was satisfactorily achieved within 45 min. Blood compatibility of the nanocomposites was also defined in vitro. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such kind of magnetic-sensitive nanoformulation with very promising characteristics (e.g. blood compatibility, magnetic drug targeting capabilities, and hyperthermia) has been developed for therapeutic purposes.     

The electrical conductivity of chloride melts

The interrelationship between electrical conductivity, molar volume and enthalpy of mixing was studied for molten chlorides and their mixtures. The dependence of electrical conductivity and activation energy on the molar volume is different for various groups of salts. The dependence of specific conductivity on molar volume obtained for molten alkali chlorides was found to be similar to other chloride salts. The specific conductivity of binary mixtures that lack strong chemical interactions between the components can also be described by the proposed empirical equation. The enthalpy of mixing should be taken into consideration for these chemical interactions.     

Geometric phase decomposition in the basis of Hermite-Gaussian functions

The work presents geometric phase decomposition for analytical signals using Hermite-Gaussian functions. The decomposition is based on the time-frequency distribution with reassigned and multi-tapered spectrogram resulting in increased phase estimation resolution. Numerical analysis is applied to a number of SU(2) evolutions, such as spin-1/2 particle in a static and rotating magnetic field, as well as polarization rotation of a plane wave in optically active medium. Geometric phase decomposition results are provided also for quantum harmonic oscillator and a radiation field of an electric dipole exited by a short pulse.     

A study on the effect of filling factor for laser action in dielectric random media

In a random system composed of dielectric materials, laser action is expected to occur from the light localization caused by multiple scattering and interference effect. The wavelengths at which the laser oscillation occurs in random media depend on the mean free path of continuous scattering. Since the mean free path of continuous scattering is dependent on the filling factor, it is important to investigate systematically the effect of the filling factor for the laser action. In the present study, we calculate the Poynting vectors of the light emitted from two-dimensional random media consisting of dielectric rods with population inversion modeled by the negative imaginary part of relative permittivity. The spectra of the radiated Poynting vectors from the two-dimensional random media are shown for several different filling factors and for various values of population inversion. We try to find laser generation which occurs at low population inversion and discuss about the threshold of laser action occurring in dielectric structures with different filling factors. We also study the spacial distribution of the electric field amplitude in several frequency regions where light strongly amplifies.     

Statistical Mechanics of a Simplified Bipartite Matching Problem: An Analytical Treatment

We perform an analytical study of a simplified bipartite matching problem in which there exists a constant matching energy, and both heterosexual and homosexual pairings are allowed. We obtain the partition function in a closed analytical form and we calculate the corresponding thermodynamic functions of this model. We conclude that the model is favored at high temperatures, for which the probabilities of heterosexual and homosexual pairs tend to become equal. In the limits of low and high temperatures, the system is extensive, however this property is lost in the general case. There exists a relation between the matching energies for which the system becomes more stable under external (thermal) perturbations. As the difference of energies between the two possible matches increases the system becomes more ordered, while the maximum of entropy is achieved when these energies are equal. In this limit, there is a first order phase transition between two phases with constant entropy.     

Analytic Perturbation Theory for Bound States in the Transfer Matrix Spectrum of Weakly Correlated Lattice Ferromagnetic Spin Systems

We consider general d-dimensional lattice ferromagnetic spin systems with nearest neighbor interactions in the high temperature region (β≪1). Each model is characterized by a single site apriori spin distribution taken to be even. We also take the parameter α=〈s ⁴〉−3〈s ²〉²>0, i.e. in the region which we call Gaussian subjugation, where 〈s ^k 〉 denotes the kth moment of the apriori distribution. Associated with the model is a lattice quantum field theory known to contain a particle of asymptotic mass −lnβ and a bound state below the two-particle threshold. We develop a β analytic perturbation theory for the binding energy of this bound state. As a key ingredient in obtaining our result we show that the Fourier transform of the two-point function is a meromorphic function, with a simple pole, in a suitable complex spectral parameter and the coefficients of its Laurent expansion are analytic in β.