Properties of train traffic flow in a moving block system

The development direction of railways is toward the improvement of capacity and service quality, where the service quality includes safety, schedule, high speed, and comfort. In light of the existing cellular automaton models, in this paper, we develop a model to analyze the mixed running processes of trains with maximal speeds of 500 km/h and 350 km/h respectively in the moving block system. In the proposed model, we establish some sound rules to control the running processes of a train, where the rules include the departure rules in the intermediate stations, the overtaking rules, and the conditions of speed limitation for a train stopping at a station or passing through a station. With the consideration of the mixed ratio and the distance between two adjacent stations, the properties of the train traffic flow (including capacity and average speed) are simulated. The numerical results show that the interactions among different trains will affect the capacity, and a proper increase of the spatial distance between two adjacent stations can enhance the capacity and the average speed under the moving block.     

Study on the Range of Particles Size Measured by Backscattering Method in Visual‐infrared Incident Spectrum

For the measurement of particles size with backscattering method, the suitable range of particles size measurement have been presented by independent algorithm in Visual‐infrared incident spectrum. We defined the range according to the retrieved results based on the analysis and comparison to many kinds of R‐R distribution function. The simulation computation results showed that the particles size measurement range is from 0.05 μm to 18 μm with incident spectrum from 0.4 μm to 2 μm and different refractive index. The results retrieved were satisfied even if 1 % noise was added into the backscattering intensity.     

A class of hybrid DG/FV methods for conservation laws II: Two-dimensional cases

By comparing the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods, the k-exact finite volume (FV) methods and the lift collocation penalty (LCP) methods, a concept of ‘static reconstruction’ and ‘dynamic reconstruction’ was introduced for higher-order numerical methods in our previous work. Based on this concept, a class of hybrid DG/FV methods was presented for one-dimensional conservation law using a ‘hybrid reconstruction’ approach. In the hybrid DG/FV schemes, the lower-order derivatives of the piecewise polynomial are computed locally in a cell by the traditional DG method (called as ‘dynamic reconstruction’), while the higher-order derivatives are re-constructed by the ‘static reconstruction’ of the FV method, using the known lower-order derivatives in the cell itself and in its adjacent face neighboring cells. In this follow-up paper, the hybrid DG/FV schemes are extended onto two-dimensional unstructured and hybrid grids. The two-dimensional linear and non-linear scalar conservation law and Euler equations are considered. Some typical cases are tested to demonstrate the performance of the hybrid DG/FV method, and the numerical results show that they can reduce the CPU time and memory requirement greatly than the traditional DG method with the same order of accuracy in the same mesh.     

基于多元线性阵列探测器的快速光声层析成像

报道了一种基于相控聚焦的多元线性阵列探测器进行快速光声层析成像的方法和装置,并实现了模拟组织的光声层析成像。实验中采用波长为532nm脉宽为7ns的倍频Q-YAG激光器作为激发光源。多元线性阵列探测器由320个振元组成,采用相控聚焦的方法成像,每次由11个振群的探测器接受信号并合并1路,一幅图像由64路这样的信号组成。实验结果能够正确反映样品中的光学吸收分布。与现有的方法比较,本系统具有快速方便的特点,它有望成为一种组织功能在体成像的新方法,发展成为一种低成本的实用的临床诊断装置。     

Experimental verification of enhanced transmission through two-dimensionally corrugated metallic films without holes

We present experimental results to verify extraordinary optical transmission through two-dimensionally periodic, corrugated metallic films without holes as predicted by Bonod et al. [Opt. Express 11, 482 (2003)]. We also experimentally confirmed that using symmetric structures (metallic films sandwiched between two identical dielectric media) is advantageous for boosting the coupling of surface plasmons so as to create strong transmission peaks.     

地层静温预测的非牛顿流体数学模型

根据热力学参数、泥浆参数及井筒结构参数等，先选定一个地层温度梯度进行计算，得出泥浆出口温度.将此计算值与实测温度值比较，按照比较结果再修正所选的地层温度梯度.如此反复，直到得出合理的地层温度梯度.在此基础上，从热力学及流体力学等有关方程出发， 经过推演得到井壁上温度随深度变化以及地层温度分布的数学模型.由于钻井过程中泥浆、 岩石及其温度场间是相互作用、相互影响的，这为研究热 流 固耦合渗流过程的理论与应 用提供了一种新的方法. 关键词： 温度梯度 非牛顿流体 数学模型     

冲击作用下的摩擦力效应实验研究

针对摩擦力效应产生的机理, 本文设计了三种不同尺寸的试件进行SHPB实验, 得到了摩擦力效应对实验的定量影响, 在此基础上对混凝土的DIF进行了修正研究, 为混凝土抗冲击工程设计提供了参考依据. 关键词： 冲击 混凝土 SHPB 摩擦力     

Nonclassical state via superposition of two coherent states (π/2 out of phase) and related entangled states

Nonclassical features of the superposition of two coherent states which are π/2 out of phase are discussed, such as sub-Poissonian photon statistics and quadrature squeezing, as well as negativity of the Wigner function. Special nonclassicality is found in the special state where the relative phase of superposition has relationship with the average photon number. The analysis of the amount of entanglement is also presented for the related two-mode entangled coherent states.     

The effect of electronic orbital interactions on p-type doping tendency in ZnO series： First-principles calculations

The electronic structures and optical properties of B3 ZnO series of Znelectronic structures, optical properties, pseudopotential plane-wave method, \\ \hspace*{1.9cm} p-type doping tendency,electronic structures, optical properties, pseudopotential plane-wave method, \\ \hspace*{1.9cm} p-type doping tendencyProject supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No~10625416).2007-04-252007-06-18The electronic structures and optical properties of B3 ZnO series of Zn4X4-yMy（X ：O, S, Se or Te; M = N, Sb, C1 or I; y = 0 or 1） are studied by first-principles calculations using a pseudopotential plane-wave method. The results show that Zn d-X p orbital interactions play an important role in the p-type doping tendency in zinc-based Ⅱ-Ⅵ semiconductors. In ZnX, with increasing atomic number of X, Zn d-X p orbital interactions decrease and Zn s-X p orbital interactions increase. Additionally, substituting group-V elements for X will reduce the Zn d-X p orbital interactions while substituting group-VII elements for X will increase the Zn d-X p orbital interactions. The results also show that group-V-doped ZnX and group-Ⅷ-doped ZnX exhibit different optical behaviours due to their different orbital interaction effects.     

One-step green route to narrowly dispersed copper nanocrystals

We report a total “green” chemical method in aqueous solution for synthesizing stable narrowly distributed copper nanoparticles with average diameter less than 5 nm in the presence of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizer and without any inert gas protection. In our synthesis route, ascorbic acid, natural vitamin C (VC), an excellent oxygen scavenger, acts as both reducing agent and antioxidant, to reduce the metallic ion precursor, and to effectively prevent the common oxidation process of the newborn pure copper nanoclusters.