基于"块-单元"数据结构的分子动力学并行计算

开发了一种基于"块-单元"数据结构的可扩展并行算法,以实现大规模、非均匀分子动力学模拟.它采用空间填充曲线将三维区域分解转换为-维负载平衡问题,然后用基于实测的多层均权法求解,以保持处理机间负载均衡.在一个MPP并行机的500个CPU上,模拟包含2.1×108个粒子的三维金属微喷射模型,该算法获得了420倍的加速比.     

超重复合核的存活概率

考虑角动量相关性的情况下计算了超重核259Db的裂变位垒Bf.计算了258Rf,259Db,266Hs和267Mt 4个超重核单中子蒸发的存活概率Wsur及其随角动量分波的变化关系.给出了中子蒸发宽度、裂变宽度和超重核蒸发一个中子的概率对激发能与角动量分波的依赖关系. Considering the dependence on angular momentum， the fission barriers of super heavy nuclei 259Db have been calculated. The survival probability for 258Rf， 259Db，266Hs，267Mt compound and its relation with angular momentum have been estimated. The neutron emission width， the fission width and the realization probability for one neutron emission and their relation with excitation energy and angular momentum are also presented.     

基于石墨烯纳米材料的DNA测序研究进展

设计和研发快速、准确、价廉、高通量的DNA测序方法,对于预防早期疾病和了解相关疾病机理具有非常重要的意义。新型纳米材料石墨烯由于具有独特的结构和性质,在化学和生物科学等领域发挥着重要的作用。该文介绍了DNA测序的研究现状以及应用石墨烯纳米材料的优势,重点阐述了DNA链通过石墨烯纳米孔、石墨烯纳米间隙、石墨烯纳米带时产生不同的电流信号识别碱基序列的原理,同时介绍了DNA链与石墨烯的相互作用对DNA测序的影响,并对DNA测序的研究方向进行了展望。该文为基于石墨烯纳米材料的DNA测序提供了作用原理、理论研究以及检测方法等参考。     

THE EFFECT OF CLAY DISPERSION ON THE CRYSTALLIZATION AND MORPHOLOGY OF POLYPROPYLENE／CLAY COMPOSITES

PP/clay composites with different dispersions, namely, exfoliated dispersion, intercalated dispersion and agglomerates and particle-like dispersion, were prepared by direct melt intercalation or compounding. The effect of clay dispersion on the crystallization and morphology of PP was investigated via PLM, SAXS and DSC. Experimental results show that exfoliated clay layers are much more efficient than intercalated clay and agglomerates of clay in serving as nucleation agent due to the nano-scale dispersion of clay, resulting in a dramatic decrease in crystal size (lamellar thickness and spherulites) and an increase of crystallization temperature and crystallization rate. On the other hand, a decrease of melting temperature and crystallinity was also observed in PP/clay composites with exfoliated dispersion, due to the strong interaction between PP and clay. Compared with exfoliated clay layers, the intercalated clay layers have a less important effect on the crystallization and crystal morphology. No effect is seen for samples with agglomerates and particle-like dispersion, in regard to melting temperature, crystallization temperature, crystal thickness and crystallinity.     

基于KNN和Bayes算法的组合分类器的垃圾评论识别研究

产品垃圾评论在一定程度上影响了评论信息的参考价值,本文旨在建立识别模型将垃圾评论从评论文本中剔除,保留真实的产品评论。首先,分析了产品评论的特点,从数据搜集、文本预处理、互信息检验、文本表示4个模块提取了14个特征。然后,利用高互补性建立了基于KNN和Bayes算法的组合分类器模型。最后,利用交叉验证对iPhone 6Plus的产品评论进行检验,得到评价指标分别为:正确识别率75.3%、召回率82.1%以及F1值77.5%.     

Preparation and characterization of stable monodisperse silver nanoparticles via photoreduction

Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by UV irradiation of [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ aqueous solution using poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed from the appearance of surface plasmon absorption maxima around 420 nm. It was found that the formation rate of silver nanoparticles from Ag₂O was much quicker than that from AgNO₃, and the absorption intensity increased with PVP concentration as well as irradiation time. The maximum absorption wavelength (λ_max) was blue shift with increasing PVP content until 8 times concentration of [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ (wt%). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the resultant particles were 4–6 nm in size, monodisperse and uniform particle size distribution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that the colloidal nanoparticles were the pure silver. In addition, the silver nanoparticles prepared by the method were stable in aqueous solution over a period of 6 months at room temperature (25 °C).     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵修饰碳糊电极线性扫描伏安法测定尿液中尿酸

本文提出了以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵修饰碳糊电极（CTAB／CPE）直接测定尿酸（UA）的新方法,用线性扫描伏安法（LSV）研究尿酸的电化学行为。在0.1mol／L磷酸盐缓冲溶液（PBS,pH=7.4）中,尿酸在CTAB／CPE上于0.160V处产生一个灵敏的氧化峰,氧化峰电流Ip与尿酸浓度（CuA）在1.0×10^-5—1.0×10^-3mol／L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9940,检出限为1.0×10^-6mol／L。该方法简单实用,可以直接用于人体尿液中尿酸的检测。     

酉延拓矩阵的奇异值分解及其广义逆

从普通奇异值分解出发,导出了酉延拓矩阵的奇异值和奇异向量与母矩阵的奇异值和奇异向量间的定量关系,同时对酉延拓矩阵的满秩分解及g逆,反射g逆,最小二乘g逆,最小范数g逆作了定量分析,得到了酉延拓矩阵的满秩分解矩阵F*和G*与母矩阵A的分解矩阵F和G之间的关系.最后给出了相应的快速求解算法,并举例说明该算法大大降低了分解的计算量和存储量,提高了计算效率.     

第9届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛实验试题及解答

介绍了第9届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛中的实验部分试题,该试题是有关声学方面的,主要分为4个部分:压电换能器特性测量;超声干涉现象观测和解释;超声的多普勒效应研究及闻阈和人耳音频分辨本领确定.对该部分试题做了详尽的分析和解答.     

黏弹性地基上功能梯度材料板的振动分析

为研究黏弹性地基上功能梯度材料板的自由和强迫振动特性,基于Reddy高阶剪切变形理论以及由Shen导得的广义Karman型方程,用双重Fourier级数法推导了三参数黏弹性地基上四边简支功能梯度材料板自由振动和动力响应的解析解,计算了各模态自振频率和半波冲击载荷作用下的动力响应,讨论了材料组分指数、黏弹性地基参数、边厚比等因素对自由振动和动力响应的影响.结果表明,黏弹性地基的剪切和压缩刚度显著提升了功能梯度材料板的振动频率,减小了动力响应;另外,地基的黏性对振动频率和动力响应也有一定的影响.