Rheological properties of the aqueous mixtures of cationic-anionic surfactants

The rheological properties of the aqueous mixtures of cationic-anionic surfactants, both in single-phase systems and in aqueous two-phase systems, have been studied. Bizarre rheological properties —negative thixotropy, viscoelasticity and hihg viscosity of shear rate dependent at relatively low concentration — have been observed. An unusual viscosity change, that is, viscosity lowering with increasing concentration, was obtained. The negative thixotropy might be due to the existence of lamellar or sheet-like micelles, viscoelasticity might be induced by rodlike and lamellar or sheet-like micelles, the high viscosity might be a consequence of the formation of network by long rodlike micelles and the concentration-induced viscosity lowering could be interpreted in terms of the decrease of micellar dimensions with concentration.     

A zwitterion of 1,5‐bis­(2‐hydroxy­benzamido)‐3‐aza­pentane: a two‐dimensional hydrogen‐bonding network involving dimers

The title compound, 2‐{N‐[2‐(2‐hydroxy­benzamido)ethyl­ammonio­ethyl]amino­carbon­yl}phenolate, C₁₈H₂₁N₃O₄, crystallizes in a zwitterionic form as a result of inter­molecular proton transfer and possesses a negatively charged phenolate group and a protonated amino group. The 2‐hydroxy­benzamide and 2‐(amino­carbonyl)­phenolate moieties attached to the two ends of the C—C—N—C—C backbone adopt a cis conformation in relation to this backbone. All N‐ and O‐bound H atoms are involved in hydrogen‐bond formation; the zwitterions are first linked into head‐to‐tail dimers, which are further organized into a two‐dimensional network parallel to the crystallographic bc plane.     

Synthesis of 2‐Dihydrooxadiazolinyl Chromones

Reactions of the substituted 2‐formyl chromones with aroylhydrazines gave corresponding 2‐(aroylhydrazonomethylidyne) chromones. Then 2‐(3′‐acetyl‐5′‐aryl‐2′,3′‐dihydro‐1′,3′,4′‐oxadiazol‐2′‐yl) chromones were prepared by these 2‐(aroylhydrazonomethylidyne) chromones under refluxing with Ac₂O. All target compounds were characterized through elemental analysis and IR, ¹H NMR, MS.     

Microwave-assisted rapid electrophilic fluorination of 1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives with Selectfluor

A microwave-assisted fluorination method for 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds using Selectfluor^® has been developed. 2-Monofluorinated products can be obtained in high yield in neutral reaction conditions with addition of 1 eq. of Selectfluor^®. Treatment of 1,3-dicarbonyls with 3 eq. of Selectfluor^® in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) as the base results in the formation of 2,2-difluorinated derivatives only.     

Effect of some factors on the energy band structure of proteins

The effects of four factors (different side chains, side-chain disorder, conformational change, and ions and water) on the energy band structures of proteins have been investigated with the aid of the CNDO/2 crystal orbital method. The results indicate that these factors are very important. The consequences of these effects on the semiconductive properties of proteins are discussed.     

Potential-dependent reorientation of thiocyanate on Au electrodes

Thiocyanate (SCN) adsorption on an Au electrode is examined using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements, along with detailed density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Both the calculation and the spectroscopic measurements show that three different geometries are adopted by SCN adsorption in the potential region studied (0.0 V 相似文献   

Theoretical study of the surface energy and electronic structure of pyrite FeS2 (100) using a total-energy pseudopotential method, CASTEP

The geometric and electronic structures of FeS(2) (100) surface have been studied by a quantum-mechanical calculation using a total-energy pseudopotential code, CASTEP. The (100) surface is very stable and does not give any significant geometric relaxation. The electronic structure of FeS(2) (100) surface is characterized by the appearance of new native surface states in the bulk band gap, which correspond to antibonding mixed Fea-Ssp(3) states. These surface states play an important role as mediators of electron transfer on both anodic and cathodic sites in the incipient oxidation of pyrite. Moreover, the (100) surface has small band gaps and shows some metallic character. It is predicted that the rate of cathodic reductive reaction of O(2) in the incipient oxidation of pyrite is much faster than previously considered. The transport of electrons from the anodic sites to the cathodic sites on the (100) surface is faster and hole injection of anodic sites is not the rate-determining step. So we can deduce that the rate-determining step of incipient oxidation for pyrite consists of both electron transfer of pyrite/aqueous O(2) interface and the splitting of H(2)O.     

Synthesis and VUV-UV spectroscopic properties of rare earth borosilicate oxyapatite: RE5Si2BO13:Ln (RE=La, Gd, Y; Ln=Eu, Tb)

Three rare earth borosilicate oxyapatites, RE₅Si₂BO₁₃ (RE=La, Gd, Y), were synthesized via wet chemical method, of which RE₅Si₂BO₁₃ (RE=Gd, Y) were first reported in this work. In the three oxyapatites, [BO₄] and [SiO₄] share the [TO₄] tetrahedral oxyanion site, and RE³⁺ ions occupy all metal sites. The differential scanning calorimetry-thermo gravimetry measurements and high temperature powder X-ray diffraction pattern revealed a vitrification process within 300-1200 °C, which was due to the glass-forming nature of borosilicates. From the VUV excitation spectra of Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ in RE₅Si₂BO₁₃, the optical band gaps were found to be 6.31, 6.54 and 6.72 eV for RE₅Si₂BO₁₃ (RE=La, Gd, Y), respectively. The emission and excitation bands of Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ are discussed relating with their coordination environments. Among the three hosts, Y₅Si₂BO₁₃ would be the best for Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺-doped phosphors.     

Synthesis of new 1,3-bis（phenylethynyl）disilazanes

Three new 1,3-bis(phenylethynyl)disilazanes were synthesized from the reaction of 1,3-dichlorodisilazanes with (phenylethy- nyl)lithium,and characterized by infrared (IR) spectra,nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS).     

环化聚合的研究——聚合温度对甲基丙烯酸酐聚合反应机构的影响

前报关于对称非共轭双烯的环化聚合反应机构我们提出了单分子与双分子结合考虑的反应机构,由此而推得环化聚合组分方程为 -(d[M]/d[m])=A+(B/[M])A,B为反应速度常数的函数,本文报导甲基丙烯酸酐(MAN)在不同温度下进行环化聚合的研究进一步验证上述方程。当分别在60,40及25°聚合时,以d[M]/d[m]对1/[M]作图,都得到了直线,它们的截距分别为2.90,2.15及1.70。若只考虑单分子环化机构则截距将总是1,而不可能随聚合温度不同而改变,因此证实了前文所提出的方程及机构。本文并求得了在60,40及25°聚合时的双分子反应与单分子反应速度(双/单)的比值分别大于 2.7[M],2.0[M]及 1.4[M]。随聚合温度下降,双/单比值也下降,故当温度更低及在较稀单体浓度下聚合时,才有可能主要按单分子环化机构进行。本文还求得双分子环化反应活化能(E_(1c))较单分子环化反应活化能(E_c)高约3.7千卡/克分子,因而对为什么聚合温度升高时聚合体环化率也将升高作出解释。