破片撞击下YAG透明陶瓷复合靶的破坏特性

YAG透明陶瓷兼具有优秀的透光性能和抗冲击破坏性能,是武器装备透明部分的优秀防护材料,在军事装备、航天等国防领域具有良好的应用前景。冲击载荷下材料的加载响应特性对掌握材料破坏机制至关重要,能为透明复合靶设计提供依据。为获得YAG透明陶瓷多层复合靶的冲击破坏特性,利用内径9 mm的气体驱动发射平台进行了碳化钨球形破片在20～310 m/s速度下撞击YAG透明陶瓷复合靶的实验,通过高速摄影捕捉的陶瓷表面损伤演化过程,计算了典型径向、环向裂纹扩展速度。通过观测回收的靶体和YAG碎片的宏细观破坏特征,分析了撞击速度与靶体破坏特征之间的联系。结果表明,YAG陶瓷层径向裂纹和环向裂纹扩展速度均随着时间的延长线性降低,且裂纹扩展速度几乎不受撞击速度影响。陶瓷层中心粉碎区面积随撞击速度的提高而增大,且中间玻璃层破坏区域面积与陶瓷锥底面积相关联,陶瓷锥角与撞击速度关联性不强。同时,观察到陶瓷层在冲击破坏过程中出现了裂纹簇,获得了裂纹簇数量与破片撞击速度之间的关系,分析了裂纹簇的特征及其成因。裂纹变向、应力波作用会显著影响细观断面破坏特征。径向、环向和锥裂纹中沿晶断裂的比例均随着裂纹扩展距离的增大而增加,且穿晶比例随着撞击速度的提高而增加。     

长杆弹撞击装甲陶瓷界面击溃/侵彻特性

界面击溃/驻留效应可以有效提高装甲陶瓷的抗侵彻能力。为研究长杆弹撞击装甲陶瓷界面击溃及侵彻特性,开展了长杆弹撞击装甲陶瓷实验研究。同时,基于裂纹扩展理论建立了考虑界面击溃/驻留效应的长杆弹侵彻装甲陶瓷计算模型,以定量描述界面击溃/驻留效应对装甲陶瓷抗侵彻性能的影响。不同弹靶条件下的界面击溃/侵彻转变速度、界面驻留时间、侵彻速度与侵彻深度的理论计算值与实验结果具有较好的一致性,表明计算模型可靠。在此基础上,分析了弹体及陶瓷材料对界面击溃/驻留及侵彻过程的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着弹体撞击速度的提高,陶瓷表面由界面击溃向侵彻转变。考虑界面击溃/驻留效应的长杆弹侵彻装甲陶瓷理论模型,可以较好地反映不同弹体撞击速度对应的弹靶作用模式。弹体材料的屈服强度和密度越高,界面驻留时间越短,弹体侵彻靶体的能力越强;陶瓷的屈服强度越高,界面击溃/驻留效应越显著,靶体的抗侵彻能力越强。考虑界面击溃/驻留效应的长杆弹侵彻装甲陶瓷理论模型揭示了部分界面击溃作用机理,可为陶瓷复合靶的设计提供参考。     

考虑摩擦因数变化的弹体高速侵彻混凝土质量侵蚀模型研究

弹体在高速侵彻混凝土介质时,由于弹靶之间强烈的局部作用,导致弹体发生质量损失和弹头钝化。为进一步探究弹体高速侵彻混凝土靶质量侵蚀效应及其影响因素,基于热熔化机制及变摩擦因数模型,考虑弹体侵彻过程中头部形状变化,修正了弹体高速侵彻混凝土质量侵蚀模型。为验证模型的可靠性,基于30 mm弹道炮平台,开展了卵形弹体高速(700～1 000 m/s)侵彻典型混凝土靶体实验,获得了弹体高速侵彻质量侵蚀结果。结合理论模型对本文实验及文献实验数据进行了对比分析计算,验证了本文修正模型的可靠性。结果表明:弹体侵彻过程中,滑动摩擦项占总摩擦力的10%～40%,它对弹体侵彻过程的影响不能被忽略;考虑摩擦因数变化的质量侵蚀模型预测结果与已有实验数据吻合得较好;与本文实验数据的最大误差不超过7%,能较准确地预测不同工况下弹体的质量损失。     

利用超高阶导模测量PMN-PT透明陶瓷二次电光系数

以亚毫米尺度的铌镁酸铅-钛酸铅(PMN-PT)透明陶瓷片为导波层制备了对称金属包覆波导,并利用自由空间耦合技术激发了波导中的超高阶导模.根据衰减全反射(ATR)峰的移动,得到了在波导两侧所施加电压与光强反射率的关系,从而计算了PMN-PT透明陶瓷片的二次电光系数.     

Generation of broadband and multiple-peak THz radiation in aperiodically poled lithium niobate

We theoretically analyze the generation of broadened and multi-peak terahertz (THz) radiation in aperiodically poled lithium niobate (APPLN), whose sequence of opposite domains is optimized by simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. The full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of the broadened THz radiation in our simulation is 0.26 THz. Both of the central wavelength and FWHM can be easily tuned by choosing proper objective functions. THz radiation with wider and flatter FWHM can be achieved by increasing the length of the lithium niobate crystal. The two-peak THz generation is also provided as an example of multi-peak with the central wavelengths at 1.68 and 1.80 THz, respectively.     

Generation of multi-wavelength light sources for optical communications in aperiodic optical superlattice

A method for generating multi-wavelength light source is theoretically investigated by optical parametric oscillation (OPO) in aperiodic optical superlattice (AOS).     

Crystal structure and carbon vacancy hardening of (W0.5Al0.5)C1-x prepared by a solid-state reaction.

Novel solid solutions of aluminum in tungsten carbide (WC) with or without carbon vacancies, which can be expressed by the chemical formula (W(0.5)Al(0.5))C(1-x) (x=0.0-0.5), have been synthesized by the solid-state reaction of W(0.5)Al(0.5) alloy and the proper amount of carbon at around 1673 K in vacuum. The reaction time decreases from 73 to 50 h on increasing the carbon vacancy concentration from 0 to 50 %. The formation of the intended products is certified, by X-ray diffraction, environmental scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, even though the carbon vacancy concentration reaches the astonishing value of 50 %. The as-prepared (W(0.5)Al(0.5))C(1-x) samples have been identified as the hexagonal WC-type structure belonging to the space group P6m2 (Z=1). Moreover, the crystallographic results reveal that the substituting aluminum atoms in the WC are located in the 1a site (the W atom position of the WC structure) and the cell parameters decrease slightly with increasing vacancy concentration. The hardness of the (W(0.5)Al(0.5))C(1-x) system increases up to a maximum 2659 kg mm(-2) at a carbon vacancy concentration of about 35 %, and the density of (W(0.5)Al(0.5))C(1-x) is far lower than that of WC.     

一维光子晶体的缺陷模特性研究

利用传输矩阵法研究了缺陷层有吸收的一维光子晶体的带隙结构，在中心波长附近利用泰勒展开式的一级近似得到了缺陷模的高度和半峰全宽的计算公式.研究发现，消光系数、介质周期数和缺陷层厚度对缺陷模高度的影响较大，它们的增大均使缺陷模高度快速下降;而对半峰全宽的影响主要取决于介质的周期数，随周期数的增大缺陷模快速变窄.     

Morphology changes of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane under different phase separation mechanisms

In this study, the strong morphology changes of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane were demonstrated by changing phase separation process from a diffusion induced phase separation (DIPS) to its combination with a thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) which can be attained via changing the diluent – dibutyl phthalate (DBP) content in solvent – N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). The solvent became poor when it mixed with DBP, so TIPS could occur in the quenching process which resulted in a rapid crystallization process. In this process, the porous skin and interlocked small crystallite particle (or bi-continuous) morphologies were formed, while the porous skin and leaf-like network morphology came from the rapidly crystallizing in TIPS, the large spherulite and dense skin could be attributed to the relaxed crystallization in DIPS, the finger-like macro-void and dense skin resulted from the liquid–liquid phase separation in DIPS. Simply speaking, the different membrane morphologies can be obtained by changing the DBP content in DMAc and the coagulation bath temperature.