全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2120篇 |
免费 | 106篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1569篇 |
晶体学 | 10篇 |
力学 | 65篇 |
数学 | 321篇 |
物理学 | 274篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 15篇 |
2022年 | 36篇 |
2021年 | 41篇 |
2020年 | 31篇 |
2019年 | 41篇 |
2018年 | 32篇 |
2017年 | 41篇 |
2016年 | 88篇 |
2015年 | 54篇 |
2014年 | 110篇 |
2013年 | 130篇 |
2012年 | 162篇 |
2011年 | 185篇 |
2010年 | 109篇 |
2009年 | 111篇 |
2008年 | 144篇 |
2007年 | 133篇 |
2006年 | 121篇 |
2005年 | 113篇 |
2004年 | 114篇 |
2003年 | 81篇 |
2002年 | 72篇 |
2001年 | 35篇 |
2000年 | 32篇 |
1999年 | 22篇 |
1998年 | 22篇 |
1997年 | 19篇 |
1996年 | 17篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1958年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2239条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
61.
Serra T Borrego C Quintana X Calderer L López R Colomer J 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2009,85(1):321-331
Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is a well-known collection of different photoprotective mechanisms of plants and algae to avoid photodamage under an excess of light energy. In order to evaluate the overall effect of NPQ processes on the fluorometric determination of in vivo Chl a from a phytoplankton community dominated by diatoms, we compared the results obtained by two different fluorometric field devices with the total concentration of extracted Chl a measured by HPLC ( in vitro Chl a ). A different set of measurements were made to assess the performance of these fluorometers at high, moderate and low irradiance conditions. The Fbbe fluorometer, which is capable of distinguishing different algal groups according to their pigment content, allowed a better determination of in vivo Chl a under high irradiance conditions, with only a 10% mean difference from the in vitro Chl a concentration. In turn, the FMII fluorometer underestimated by as much as 50% the in vitro Chl a concentration under the same light conditions. As data from both fluorometers were in accordance with the in vitro Chl a values at moderate irradiance levels, the differences observed at high irradiances were attributed to the decrease in the yield of Chl a fluorescence caused by photoprotective NPQ processes. Accordingly, we estimated the effect of NPQ processes on the in vivo Chl a determination and the results allow us to provide an equation to correct this effect when in situ fluorometric measurements are carried out under high irradiance regimes. Our results demonstrate that under certain circumstances NPQ seriously compromises the results obtained by in situ fluorometric probes and highlight the need for a cautious interpretation of field data under such environmental conditions. 相似文献
62.
63.
研究了三种掺Yb钒酸盐混晶Yb0.005:Y0.298Gd0.697VO4, Yb0.007:Y0.407Gd0.586VO4和Yb0.009:Y0.575Gd0.416VO4的室温偏振吸收谱和发射谱. 结果表明,最强的吸收和发射相应于π偏振,位
关键词:
掺Yb钒酸盐混晶
吸收谱和发射谱
激光振荡
偏振态 相似文献
64.
Diaz F Lee MS Rejeaunier X Lehoucq G Goudail F Loiseaux B Bansropun S Rollin J Debes E Mils P 《Optics letters》2011,36(3):418-420
Imaging systems that combine a phase mask in the pupil and digital postprocessing may have better performance than conventional ones. We have built such a system to enhance the depth of field of an uncooled thermal camera. The phase masks are binary, their structures are optimized thanks to an image quality criterion, and they have been realized with three different technologies that give equivalent results. The deconvolution postprocessing is performed in real time with a graphics processing unit. A significant increase of the depth of field of a factor 3 has been obtained. 相似文献
65.
We prove that a sum of free non-covariant duality-symmetric actions does not allow consistent, continuous and local self-interactions that deform the gauge transformations. For instance, non-abelian deformations are not allowed, even in 4 dimensions where Yang–Mills type interactions of 1-forms are allowed in the non-manifestly duality-symmetric formulation. This suggests that non-abelian duality should require to leave the standard formalism of perturbative local field theories. The analyticity of self-interactions for a single duality-symmetric gauge field in four dimensions is also analyzed. 相似文献
66.
The indirect interaction between localized magnetic moments in insulators and semiconductors is investigated at T = 0°K. This interaction arises from virtual excitations of the valence electrons to the conduction band and is oscillatory as a function of distance. The passage from the case of small gap semiconductors to insulators is studied in detail, as a function of the energy gap and the effective masses. The Bloembergen-Rowland interaction is derived as a limiting case for insulators. Possible applications are also discussed. 相似文献
67.
John S. Fletcher Xavier A. Conlan Nicholas P. Lockyer John C. Vickerman 《Applied Surface Science》2006,252(19):6513-6516
Atomic depth profiling using secondary ion mass spectrometry, SIMS, is common in the field micro-electronics; however, the generation of molecular information as a function of sample depth is difficult due to the accumulation of damage both on and beneath the sample surface. The introduction of polyatomic ion beams such as SF5 and C60 have raised the possibility of overcoming this problem as they deposit the majority of their energy in the upper surface of the sample resulting in increased sputter yields but with a complimentary reduction in sub-surface damage accumulation. In this paper we report the depth profile analysis of the bio-polymer polycaprolactone, PCL, using the polyatomic ions and and the monoatomic Au+. Results are compared to recent analysis of a similar sample using . depth profiling of cellulose is also demonstrated, an experiment that has been reported as unsuccessful when attempted with implications for biological analysis are discussed. 相似文献
68.
N. K. Leite J. G. Santos R. F. Souza G. M. Cabianchi F. O. Xavier B. M. Gomes L. B. Silveira A. C. Oliveira A. F.R. Rodriguez P. C. Morais 《The European physical journal. Special topics》2008,153(1):45-48
In this study we demonstrate the usefulness of the
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS) in the investigation of water collected
from a natural site located within the Amazon region, Brazil, during the wet
to dry seasons transition (May/2006). The water samples were collected from
different stages along a hydrologic pathway including precipitation water
(Prec), groundwater (GW), through flow water (TF), overland flow water (OF),
and stream flow water (SW). The observed photoacoustic spectral features, in
the 0.3 to 1.0 μm wavelength region, fall within three distinct bands
(C, S, and L). We found band-C, band-S and band-L occurring in the spectral
range of 0.30 to 0.40 μm, 0.40 to 0.45 μm and 0.45 to 1.0 μm
regions, respectively. The photoacoustic features shift peak positions and
change intensities for all samples investigated, thus supporting the
proposal of PAS as a useful technique to investigate water samples from
natural environments. 相似文献
69.
Sebastiaan van Dijken Xavier Fain Steven M. Watts Kentaro Nakajima J. M. D. Coey 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2004,280(2-3):322-326
A detailed study of the in-plane magnetotransport properties of spin valves with one and two Fe3O4 electrodes is presented. Fe3O4/Au/Fe3O4 spin valves exhibit a clear anisotropic magnetoresistance in small magnetic fields but no giant magnetoresistance (GMR). The absence of GMR in these structures is due to simultaneous magnetization reversal in the two Fe3O4 layers. By contrast, a negative GMR effect is measured on Fe3O4/Au/Fe spin valves. The negative GMR is attributed to an electron spin scattering asymmetry at the Fe3O4/Au interface or an induced spin scattering asymmetry in the Au interfacial layers. 相似文献
70.