介质单边二次电子倍增的理论分析与数值模拟

 针对介质单边二次电子倍增现象,理论分析给出了其动力学方程、二次电子初始能量与角度分布,结合二次电子发射的材料特性,研究了二次电子倍增的理论预估敏感区间。利用蒙特卡罗方法抽样选取电子初始发射能量和角度,数值研究了二次电子倍增的敏感区间,并与理论结果进行了比对,给出了二次电子数目随时间的增长关系;采用固定时间步长并考虑电子束动态加载饱和效应的细致蒙特卡罗方法,研究了二次电子数目、直流场、射频场、介质表面沉积功率、电子放电功率、二次电子碰撞能量及电子渡越时间等二次电子倍增特性物理量的变化过程,并且讨论了初始电流及二次电子倍增工作点对二次电子倍增整个过程的影响作用,得出了二次电子倍增存在初始阈值发射电流密度的结论。     

气相色谱-双柱双电子捕获检测器测定土壤及沉积物中23种有机氯农药

建立了微波萃取,弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱及铜粉除硫净化,双柱双电子捕获检测器(ECD)-气相色谱法(GC)测定5种不同质地土壤及5处不同来源沉积物中的23种有机氯农药(OCPs)。采用内标法定量,在0.005～0.5 mg/L的质量浓度范围内,替代物和各种农药标准品的线性相关系数(r2)均大于0.997。5种土壤及5处沉积物中23种OCPs的平均加标回收率分别为50%～119%和52%～120%,相对标准偏差分别为0.9%～16.1%(n=6)和0.3%～28.4%(n=6),检出限为0.00005～0.0005 mg/kg。结果表明,该方法重现性好、灵敏度高、线性关系好,可以满足简便、快速、准确测定农药残留的要求,可大范围推广使用。     

镍基上CH_4脱氢与超临界CO_2重整的量化计算

采用密度泛函理论（B3LYP）、从头计算及微扰方法计算了超临界状态下镍基催化剂上甲烷逐步脱氢与超临界CO2重整制合成气的反应机理。计算结果表明,甲烷与CO2的重整反应分为5步进行,其超临界态下各反应的焓变分别为：-86.889、47.453、75.812、54.658和-209.460kJ/mol。各步反应的活化能数据...     

掺铪氧化锌红外透明导电薄膜

采用射频磁控溅射法在蓝宝石衬底上制备了Hf∶ ZnO (HZO)薄膜,研究了氧气流速和退火温度对薄膜微观结构和光电性能的影响.为了提高薄膜的结晶性,将制备的薄膜在800℃下退火30 min,并自然冷却到室温.测试、分析了退火后薄膜的微观结构和光电性能.研究发现,随着氧气流速从0增加到0.6 mL/min,薄膜的致密度逐渐增大,电阻率逐渐降低,而当氧气流速继续增大到0.8 mLL/min时,薄膜的结晶性恶化,电阻率突然升高.氧气流速为0.6 mL/min时制备的薄膜光电性能最佳,利用傅里叶红外光谱仪和霍尔测试仪进行测试,得到薄膜在3～5 μm波段的平均透过率为83.87％,电阻率为1.66×10-2 Ω·cm,载流子迁移率为13.4 cm2·V-1·s-1,载流子浓度为2.82×1019 cm-3.利用X射线衍射仪进行测试,发现薄膜样品具有ZnO的六方纤锌矿结构,并沿(002)方向择优生长,通过扫描电子显微镜可以看到薄膜表面生成致密均匀的球状结构颗粒.这种薄膜可以用作3～5 μm波段的透明窗口.     

以LiCoO2为阴极的全固态薄膜锂电池的研究

采用射频磁控溅射技术制备了非晶态和不同取向的多晶LiCoO2薄膜,利用XRD和SEM研究了不同温度退火后LiCoO2薄膜的结构和形貌.以具有不同结构的LiCoO2薄膜为阴极、含氮磷酸锂薄膜为电解质以及金属锂薄膜为阳极,成功地制备了电化学性能不同的全固态薄膜锂电池.由电化学研究结果表明,LiCoO2薄膜的结构和多晶取向决定了薄膜电池的电化学性能.采用具有一定取向的多晶LiCoO2薄膜制备的全固态薄膜锂电池具有最佳的性能,稳定放电容量达到55.4μAh/cm2μm,充放电循环次数超过450次.     

紧摄动连续映象

Let X, Z be normed spaces and Ω a bounded open set in X. Suppose that I:Ω→Z is a fixed continuous bounded mapping. We discuss the properties essential and nonessential of f(x) = I(x) - F(x), see [1] p.245, where F:?Ω→Z continuous and compact.     

Mechanism on The Disproportionating Synthesis of Dichlorodimethyl- silane by ZSM-5(5 T)@γ-Al2O3 Series Core-Shell Catalysts

In view of the wide application of organosilicon bifunctional structure in industry, the most effective disproportionation solution is used by the new catalyst to prepare the largest and the most versatile organic silicon monomer dimethyldichlorosilane. However, there are still remaining doubts on the disproportionation mechanism of the catalyst. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) was used to theoretically calculate the disproportionation mechanism of 5 T clusters ZSM-5@γ-Al₂O₃ series catalysts at the B3LYP/6–311++G(3df, 2pd) level. The properties were verified and the catalytic effects of different active sites pre- and post- modified by AlCl₃ were calculated and compared. The active center of HZSM-5@γ-Al₂O₃ was proton, and that of AlCl₃/ZSM-5@γ-Al₂O₃ changed to lewis acidic center. The presence of the lewis acid center enhances the total activity of the catalyst to some extent. The catalytic activity of the 5 T cluster ZSM-5@γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst modified by AlCl₃ was higher, which was the same as the experimental results.     

One-pot synthesis of [1,2,3]triazole-fused pyrazinopyridazindione tricycles by a ‘click and activate’ approach

Substituted [1,2,3]triazole-fused pyrazinopyridazindione tricycles were synthesized in a four-component, stepwise condensation. The key step in this one-pot process was a thermal [3+2] triazole formation which activated the adjacent position and set the stage for a subsequent tandem nucleophilic aromatic substitution/cyclization sequence.     

Spatiotemporal Control of CRISPR/Cas9 Function in Cells and Zebrafish using Light-Activated Guide RNA

We developed a new method for the conditional regulation of CRISPR/Cas9 activity in mammalian cells and zebrafish embryos using photochemically activated, caged guide RNAs (gRNAs). Caged gRNAs are generated by substituting four nucleobases evenly distributed throughout the 5′-protospacer region with caged nucleobases during synthesis. Caging confers complete suppression of gRNA:dsDNA-target hybridization and rapid restoration of CRISPR/Cas9 function upon optical activation. This tool offers simplicity and complete programmability in design, high spatiotemporal specificity in cells and zebrafish embryos, excellent off-to-on switching, and stability by preserving the ability to form Cas9:gRNA ribonucleoprotein complexes. Caged gRNAs are novel tools for the conditional control of gene editing, thereby enabling the investigation of spatiotemporally complex physiological events by obtaining a better understanding of dynamic gene regulation.