桥吊摆绳摆角的视觉检测

桥吊摆角的准确测量是实现吊车防摇控制的前提条件。文中将视觉识别技术引入到吊车防摆控制中来,提出了基于局部梯度变化和标准差的图像自适应增强处理算法,解决了不同背光条件下吊绳摆动位置信息获取问题,有效地实现了桥吊负载摆绳图像特征的提取。同时,采用两次下采样和梯度法相结合的圆心的识别算法,解决了圆检测的实时性问题,从而成功识别出目标及其所在的空间位置,并用几何方法准确地测量出负载钢丝绳的摆角。最后,实验结果证实了该方法的有效性。     

Hierarchical porous carbon derived from Allium cepa for supercapacitors through direct carbonization method with the assist of calcium acetate

Hierarchical porous carbon was prepared from onion through a direct carbonization method and it was used as suercapacitor electrode material.     

Microstructure and properties of high chrome steel roller after laser surface melting

Laser surface melting of high chrome steels was achieved by a 5 kW continuous wave CO₂ laser. The microstructure of the laser surface-melted steels was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry, and the hardness profiles were determined by a Vickers hardness tester. The corrosion behavior in 3.5% NaCl solution was studied by electrochemical corrosion equipment. The large carbides of high chrome steels are completely dissolved and ultrafine dendrites of austenite with submicroscopic M₂₃C₆ carbides precipitation are formed in the melted zone. The austenite in the melted zone has a high tempering stability. The corrosion resistance of the laser surface-melted steels is significantly improved due to the dissolution of carbides and the increase of the alloying elements in the solid solution as well as the large amount of austenite.     

基于格子Boltzmann两相模型的粘弹流体挤出胀大分析

挤出胀大的数值模拟是非牛顿流体研究中具有挑战性的问题．本文运用格子Boltzmann方法(LBM)分析Oldroyd-B和多阶松弛谱PTT粘弹流体的挤出胀大现象,采用颜色模型模拟出口处粘弹流体和空气的两相流动,通过重新标色获得两种流体的界面,并最终获得胀大的形状．Navier-Stokes方程和本构方程的求解采用双分布函数模型．将胀大的结果与解析解、实验解和单相自由面LBM结果进行了比较,发现格子Boltzmann两相模型结果与解析解和实验结果相吻合,相比于单相模型,收敛速度更快,解的稳定性更高．研究了流道尺寸对胀大率的影响,并对挤出胀大的内在机理进行了分析．     

计算机在中学化学教学中的应用

计算机在教育中的应用通常被称为计算机辅助教育（Computer-Based Education简称CBE）,主要研究如何应用电子计算机进行教学、训练和管理。大致上可包括两个方面,其一是计算机辅助教学（Computer-Assisted Instruction简称CAI）：其二是计算机管理教学（Computer-Managed Instruction简称CMI）。一、CAI的应用：从我国目前制作的化学教学软件及其研究情况分析,CAI的应用可分为四种类型。     

复合三子镜稀疏孔径光瞳结构的研究

由于在截止频率区域内稀疏孔径系统的调制传递函数(MTF)比全孔径系统的调制传递函数下降,甚至调制传递函数可能出现零点而影响成像质量,通过稀疏孔径系统的结构优化可以获得调制传递函数分布比较理想的孔径结构。给出了基于实际空间截止频率ρR和子孔径直径的稀疏孔径结构优化准则,对复合三子镜稀疏孔径结构进行优化,分析了优化前后的调制传递函数变化,并对优化结构的复合三子镜稀疏孔径系统模拟成像和维纳滤波,比较优化前和优化后稀疏孔径结构的成像情况。结果表明结构优化是稀疏孔径光学系统设计的一个关键部分,应用的优化准则对稀疏孔径结构优化是合理的,通过结构优化可以使复合三子镜稀疏孔径系统的成像质量得到改善。     

新型驱动原理及低电压反射式双稳胆甾型液晶显示器的实验实现

通过对液晶材料参量、液晶盒结构的优化,本文研制了一种低电压驱动反射式双稳胆甾型液晶显示器.在此基础上提出了一种新型驱动方法,通过首先将液晶显示器所有像素从平面态刷新到焦锥态,可用普通的被动式矩阵驱动器件实现1ms快速驱动,新的驱动方法不存在光学延迟.     

氨工质焓与熵的新关联式

本文根据统计力学与热力学剩余函数理论,结合本课题组已建立的氨工质新状态方程,推导出一则可供精确确定氨的焓（ｈ）与熵（ｓ）参数的新关联式。新关联式形式简单．可靠,精度很高,具有显著的理论与应用价值。     

SnOx Thin Film Gas Sensors Prepared by Plasma Deposition from Tetrabutyltin

Amorphous ultrafine tin-containing organic thin films have been prepared by means of radio frequency (RF) glow-discharge plasma polymerization of tetrabutyltin (TBT). After being annealed, the films turned into ultrafine SnOx thin films, which possessed high gas sensitivity. The influences of the thermal annealing process on the film's composition, microstructure, and gas sensitivity to such reductive gases as EtOH, H ₂ , CH ₄ , and CO were investigated, and the effects of doping silver into the film on its gas sensitivity were also discussed in detail. By doping with Ag, the sensitivity and selectivity of the film obviously increased, the optimum operating temperature decreased, and the film color apparently changed. Based on these facts, the catalysis mechanism of doped Ag is addressed.     

金刚石膜/多孔硅复合材料的性能表征

提出了一种新颖的多孔硅表面钝化技术,即采用微波等离子体辅助的化学气相沉积（MPCVD）方法在多孔硅上沉积金刚石薄膜。采用原子力显微镜（AFM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、拉曼光 谱仪和荧光分光度计对多孔硅及金刚石膜的表面形貌、结构和发光特性进行了表征。结果表明采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法可在多孔硅基片上形成均匀、致密、性能稳定且对可见光具有全透性的金刚石膜。金刚石膜与多孔硅的复合,大大稳定了多孔硅的发光波长和强度,同时增强了多孔硅的机械强度。