Synthesis of TiO2–SiO2/polymer core–shell microspheres with a microphase‐inversion method

A novel microphase‐inversion method was proposed for the preparation of TiO₂–SiO₂/poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell nanocomposite particles. The inorganic–polymer nanocomposites were first synthesized via a free‐radical copolymerization in a tetrahydrofuran solution, and the poor solvent was added slowly to induce the microphase separation of the nanocomposite and result in the formation of nanoparticles. The average particle sizes of the microspheres ranged from 70 to 1000 nm, depending on the reaction conditions. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicated a core–shell morphology for the obtained microspheres. Thermogravimetric analysis and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements confirmed that the surface of the nanocomposite microspheres was polymer‐rich, and this was consistent with the core–shell morphology. The influence of the synthetic conditions, such as the inorganic composition and the content of the crosslinking monomer, on the particle properties was studied in detail. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3911–3920, 2006     

Viscometric study of gelatin in dilute aqueous solutions

The viscosities of aqueous solutions of gelatin at different temperatures were carefully measured in a common glass‐capillary Ubbelohde viscometer at dilute to extremely dilute concentrations. The adsorption effect that occurred in the viscosity measurements was theoretically analyzed and discussed. A theory based on Langmuir isotherms could adequately describe the existing data. Some structural information was obtained by the use of an iterative fitting procedure to treat the reduced viscosity data, which disclosed that individual gelatin chains underwent a coil‐to‐helix transition as the solution cooled from 40 to 15 °C. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1804–1812, 2006     

Sulfonated poly(aryl ether ether ketone ketone)s containing fluorinated moieties as proton exchange membrane materials

A series of sulfonated poly(aryl ether ether ketone ketone)s statistical copolymers with high molecular weights were synthesized via an aromatic nucleophilic substitution polymerization. The sulfonation content (SC), defined as the number of sulfonic acid groups contained in an average repeat unit, could be controlled by the feed ratios of monomers. Flexible and strong membranes in sodium sulfonate form could be prepared by the solution casting method, and readily transformed to their proton forms by treating them in 2 N sulfuric acid. The polymers showed high T_gs, which increased with an increase in SC. Membranes prepared from the present sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone ketone) copolymers containing the hexafluoroisopropylidene moiety (SPEEKK‐6F) and copolymers containing the pendant 3,5‐ditrifluoromethylphenyl moiety (SPEEKK‐6FP) had lower water uptakes and lower swelling ratios in comparison with previously prepared copolymers containing 6F units. All of the polymers possessed proton conductivities higher than 1 × 10^?2 S/cm at room temperature, and proton conductivity values of several polymers were comparable to that of Nafion at high relative humidity. Their thermal stability, oxidative stability, and mechanical properties were also evaluated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2299–2310, 2006     

Preparation and characterization of rigid poly(vinyl chloride)/MMT nanocomposites. II. XRD,morphological and mechanical characteristics

A Haake torque rheometer equipped with an internal mixer is used to study the influence of the amount of sodium montmorillonite (Na⁺‐MMT) and organically modified MMT (O‐MMT) on X‐ray diffraction (XRD), morphology, and mechanical characteristics of rigid poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC)/Na⁺‐MMT and PVC/O‐MMT nanocomposites, respectively. Results of XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate that MMT is partially encapsulated and intercalated in the rigid PVC/Na⁺‐MMT nanocomposites. However, results of XRD and TEM show MMT is partially intercalated and exfoliated in the rigid PVC/O‐MMT nanocomposites. Tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation at break of the rigid PVC/MMT nanocomposites were improved simultaneously with adding 1–3 wt % Na⁺‐MMT or O‐MMT with respect to that of pristine PVC. However, the addition of Na⁺‐MMT or O‐MMT should be kept as not more than 3 wt % to optimize the mechanical properties and the processing stability of the rigid PVC/MMT nanocomposites. SEM micrographs of the fractured surfaces of the rigid PVC/Na⁺‐MMT and PVC/O‐MMT nanocomposites both before and after tensile tests were also illustrated and compared. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2145–2154, 2006     

A highly sensitive and rapid assay for protein determination in human urine and penicillin using a Rayleigh light-scattering technique with benzeneazo-8-acetylamino-1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid sodium salt.

A simple and sensitive method was conducted for the determination of trace amounts of proteins with benzeneazo-8-acetylamino-1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid sodium salt (azophloxine, AP) using a Rayleigh light-scattering (RLS) technique. At pH 2.60 and in the presence of an emulsifier OP microemulsion, the RLS of AP can be greatly enhanced by proteins, owing to the interaction between AP and protein. The enhanced intensity is proportional to the concentration of proteins. Four proteins, including bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA), lysozyme (Lys) and gamma globulin (gamma-G) have been tested. For example, the linear range of BSA was 0 - 0.06 microg mL(-1) with detection limits of 2.38 ng mL(-1). The method was applied to the analysis of protein in human urine and penicillin samples with satisfactory results. The relative standard deviation was in all instances less than 4.0%, and the recovery was in the range of 97.5 - 104%.     

合成丙交酯中微量水分分析

合成丙交酯中微量水分分析徐溢，柳胜春（重庆大学化工学院分析教研室６３００４４）关键词丙交酯，微量水，定量分析丙交酯是人工合成骨材料聚乳酸的合成中间体，其性能决定着合成产品的品质，要获得高质量的合成材料，对中间体的分析和监测十分重要。一般要求丙交酯中间...     

Semiconducting organic polymer from polyacrylamide–Cu++ chelate and iodine

Semiconducting organic polymer was obtained by the modification of polyacrylamide (PAAm)–Cu⁺⁺ chelate with iodine in acetone. Favorable conditions for preparing the chelate effective for the conduction were investigated. Surface resistivities were affected by the amounts of cupric salts and iodine, satisfactory results being given by about 25 wt % of the salts based on PAAm and more than 1 wt % of iodine on the chelate. The conductivity was also varied with the degree of neutralization of the chelate in solution, and optimal values were obtained by addition of about an equimolar amount of potassium hydroxide to cupric salts. Effective structures of the polymer chelate in solution were assumed on the basis of the visible and the NMR spectra and potentiometric titration.     

男性型秃发患者发中K,Na,Ca,Mg元素含量分析

采用火焰原子吸收法对３０例男性型秃发患者及３８例毛发健康男性对照者发中宏量元素Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ的含量进行了测定。结果表明，男性型秃发患者发Ｋ含量明显高于对照组，具有统计学上的显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。发Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ含量在两组间未见显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。本文提示，体内某些宏量元素变化对男性型秃发可能产生一定影响。     

Study on structural variation of silica gel using Nd3+ as a probe by photoacoustic spectroscopy

The structural variations of silica gels heated at different temperatures have been firstly studied using Nd(3+) as a probe by photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS), together with IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. With increasing temperature, the f-f transitions of Nd(3+) show a red shift and the PA intensities increase. The PA branching vector of the transitions from ground state to 4G(5/2)+(2)G(7/2), which are hypersensitive transitions, increase and the others decrease or change little. These indicate that the covalency of the bond that Nd(3+) forms increases and the symmetry around Nd(3+) decreases, which reflects the structural variations of silica gels.