A nuclear magnetic resonance determination of the barrier to internal rotation in phenylethane

The long-range nuclear spin-spin coupling constant between the methylene protons and the ring protons at the para position in 3,5-dibromo-phenylethane in benzene solution is consistent with a two-fold barrier of 1.2 ± 0.1 kcal/mole to rotation about the sp²-sp³ carbon-carbon bond, in agreement with thermodynamic data on phenylethane and with deductions based on hyperfine interactions in related radical anions. The low-energy conformation has a plane of symmetry, the methyl group being situated out of the aromatic plane, in disagreement with Raman depolarization data interpretations and with deductions based on proton chemical shifts.     

Aluminum as a superior endpoint sensor in some potentiometric titrations

Summary Aluminum rod and wire sensors surpassed conventional sensors in the magnitude of potentiometric breaks obtained in the titration of halides vs. silver ions, aluminum vs. fluoride ions, fluoride vs. lanthanum ions, and phosphate vs. lead, cerous, and lanthanum ions. In the titration of fluoride vs. aluminum or thorium, sulfate vs. lead, and phosphate vs. silver ions, however, conventional sensors were superior to aluminum. In the titration of phosphate vs. lead, cerous, or lanthanum ions endpoint breaks occurred in the negative direction, unlike the usual breaks in the titration of anions vs. cations. The theoretical basis for these phenomena remains unexplained.

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Aluminium als vorteilhafter Endpunkt-Sensor bei potentiometrischen Titrationen

Zusammenfassung Stab- und Draht-Sensoren aus Aluminium übertreffen konventionelle Sensoren durch die Grö\e der potentiometrischen Stufe bei folgenden Titrationen: Halogenide gegen Silber, Aluminium gegen Fluorid, Fluorid gegen Lanthan, Phosphat gegen Blei, Cer(III) oder Lanthan. Dagegen sind bei Titrationen von Fluorid gegen Aluminium oder Thorium sowie von Sulfat gegen Blei und Phosphat gegen Silber konventionelle Sensoren vorteilhafter. Bei der Titration von Phosphat gegen Blei, Cer(III) oder Lanthan verlaufen die Endpunktstufen in negativer Richtung, im Gegensatz zu den üblichen Stufen bei der Titration von Kationen vs. Anionen. Die theoretischen Grundlagen für diese Erscheinungen sind noch ungeklÄrt.

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Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number W-7405-ENG-48.     

On the electron impact induced hydroxyl loss from o-nitrostyrene

Unimolecular hydroxyl (OD^˙) loss from regio- and stereo-specifically labelled o-nitrostyrenes 1a, 1c and 1d results in the formation of an ion which upon collisional activation gives identical mass spectra. Suggestions are made which aim at explaining: (i) the loss of stereochemical integrity of the diastereotopic methylene hydrogens in the course of hydroxyl elimination; and (ii) to account for the collision induced losses of CO and HNC from the [M—hydroxyl]⁺ ion.