Effect of Precursor Drying Process on the Properties of LiFePO4/C Composite with Low Carbon Content

<正>Properties of two LiFePO_4/C composites with low carbon content synthesized from precursors dried by spray drying and blast drying are investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements. The two samples have a different morphology and particle size, while the structure of LiFePO_4 is unaffected. The LiFePO_4/C composite prepared from the precursor dried by blast drying has a much lower surface resistance and a much better rate capability because the deposited carbon is more graphite-like and more conductive. The cycling performance is also much better for the LiFePO_4/C composite prepared from the precursor dried by blast drying because only a slight impedance growth is involved upon cycling. These results suggest that the precursor drying process has a significant impact on the properties of LiFePO_4/C composite, and its effect is highly dependent on the carbon content.     

Rational Design for Cooperative Recognition of Specific Nucleobases Using β‐Cyclodextrin‐Modified DNAs and Fluorescent Ligands on DNA and RNA Scaffolds

We propose a binary fluorimetric method for DNA and RNA analysis by the combined use of two probes rationally designed to work cooperatively. One probe is an oligonucleotide (ODN) conjugate bearing a β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CyD). The other probe is a small reporter ligand, which comprises linked molecules of a nucleobase‐specific heterocycle and an environment‐sensitive fluorophore. The heterocycle of the reporter ligand recognizes a single nucleobase displayed in a gap on the target labeled with the conjugate and, at the same time, the fluorophore moiety forms a luminous inclusion complex with nearby β‐CyD. Three reporter ligands, MNDS (naphthyridine–dansyl linked ligand), MNDB (naphthyridine–DBD), and DPDB (pyridine–DBD), were used for DNA and RNA probing with 3′‐end or 5′‐end modified β‐CyD – ODN conjugates. For the DNA target, the β‐CyD tethered to the 3′‐end of the ODN facing into the gap interacted with the fluorophore sticking out into the major groove of the gap site ( MNDS and DPDB ). Meanwhile the β‐CyD on the 5′‐end of the ODN interacted with the fluorophore in the minor groove ( MNDB and DPDB ). The results obtained by this study could be a guideline for the design of binary DNA/RNA probe systems based on controlling the proximity of functional molecules.     

Unusual Inherent Electrochemistry of Graphene Oxides Prepared Using Permanganate Oxidants

Graphene and graphene oxides are materials of significant interest in electrochemical devices such as supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and sensors. Graphene oxides and reduced graphenes are typically prepared by oxidizing graphite in strong mineral acid mixtures with chlorate (Staudenmaier, Hofmann) or permanganate (Hummers, Tour) oxidants. Herein, we reveal that graphene oxides pose inherent electrochemistry, that is, they can be oxidized or reduced at relatively mild potentials (within the range ±1 V) that are lower than typical battery potentials. This inherent electrochemistry of graphene differs dramatically from that of the used oxidants. Graphene oxides prepared using chlorate exhibit chemically irreversible reductions, whereas graphene oxides prepared through permanganate‐based methods exhibit very unusual inherent chemically reversible electrochemistry of oxygen‐containing groups. Insight into the electrochemical behaviour was obtained through cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. Our findings are of extreme importance for the electrochemistry community as they reveal that electrode materials undergo cyclic changes in charge/discharge cycles, which has strong implications for energy‐storage and sensing devices.     

Preparation and characterization of oxidized regenerated cellulose film for hemostasis and the effect of blood on its surface

Hemostatic effects of oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) are well-known but its mechanism has never been demonstrated clearly. Since thrombus formation is a kind of surface phenomenon, we changed the morphology of cellulose to form a kind of membrane with ionic liquid as solution, and also we prepared ORC films with nitrogen dioxide(NO₂)/carbon tetrachloride(CCl₄) oxidation system reacting for 16, 40, 64 and 88 h, respectively. FTIR and NMR spectra showed that NO₂/CCl₄ oxidation system had a high selectivity on hydroxyl group at C6 of regenerated cellulose. With the oxidation time prolonging, the carboxyl content was enhanced and the DP was reduced. The XPS results suggested that a new carboxyl bond was formed due to the increasing of oxygen content. From contact angle analysis, the wettability of blood on the ORC film surface was better than that of the regenerated cellulose film, which was beneficial for the blood to spread. SEM photographs showed that the ORC film oxidized for 40 h could adsorb and activate more platelets and erythrocytes. Hemostatic evaluation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that the ORC film had a dramatic hemostatic performance, and the products of platelets release reaction, activated platelets glycoprotein and activated clotting enzymes were increased simultaneously. Moreover, the possible mechanism of the hemostasis for ORC film was discussed.     

拉曼光谱法定量分析焦磷酸根离子的含量

应用拉曼光谱技术研究了焦磷酸钾、硝酸钾、磷酸二氢钾、乙二胺四乙酸钠等十余种可溶性盐水溶液以及它们的混合物溶液的拉曼光谱特征,考察了共存组分对焦磷酸根拉曼光谱特征峰的影响;建立了基于拉曼光谱技术定量分析溶液中焦磷酸根离子含量的方法。结果表明,以硝酸钾为内标物,保持被测溶液pH 11,焦磷酸根离子拉曼光谱特征峰强度与硝酸根离子拉曼光谱特征峰强度之比值对焦磷酸根浓度呈良好的线性关系,所得线性回归方程为y=1.2110x+0.1515,相关系数R2=0.9996;已经研究过的十余种可溶性盐共存物几乎不干扰焦磷酸根离子的定量分析。     

凝胶渗透净化/液相色谱串联质谱法测定动物源肝脏中4种β-激动剂的残留量

采用凝胶渗透净化技术,建立了用高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定动物源肝脏中克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺、特步它林残留量的方法。样品经β-葡萄糖苷酸酶水解后,用乙酸铵溶液提取,MCX固相萃取柱和全自动凝胶渗透净化色谱仪净化,采用选择离子监控模式(SIM)检测,内标法定量。克伦特罗在0.1～10 ng/mL、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇、特布他林在1～100 ng/mL质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.999;方法的检出限和定量限分别在0.003～0.02μg/kg和0.009～0.06μg/kg之间,方法的回收率为94.7%～106.1%,相对标准偏差小于7.8%。适用于动物肝脏中克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺、特步它林的确认和定量检测。     

高精密恒电流库仑法测定CCQM-K73国际关键比对盐酸溶液中H+含量

采用高精密恒电流库仑法测量了CCQM-K73国际比对样品盐酸溶液含量。该方法是国际上公认的基准测量方法,根据法拉第电解定律,通过质量、电阻、电动势、时间等基本物理量及法拉第常数来进行样品的测定,直接溯源到国际SI单位,不需要用标准物质进行比对。中国计量科学研究院作为国家化学计量最高溯源,参加了该项关键比对,并取得了等效一致的好成绩。     

基于氧化石墨烯识别特定双螺旋DNA

依据三螺旋DNA的形成,以氧化石墨烯为基础建立了一种识别特定序列双螺旋DNA的方法。单链探针DNA能够通过静电引力作用吸附在氧化石墨烯表面,标记在单链DNA末端的荧光探针分子TAMRA由于荧光能量共振转移作用使得其荧光发生淬灭。加入目标双螺旋DNA后,单链探针DNA与目标DNA分子形成三螺旋DNA,探针DNA从氧化石墨烯表面脱附,标记在探针DNA上的荧光分子的荧光恢复。在最佳实验条件下,荧光恢复的强度与探针DNA的浓度在20.0～300.0 nmol/L具有良好的线性关系,检出限为16.9 nmol/L。该方法在DNA药物筛选及基因疾病的诊断方面具有一定的应用前景。     

主成分分析-近红外光谱法快速测定婴儿配方乳粉中必需脂肪酸

利用主成分分析法将婴儿乳粉的近红外光谱数据与必需脂肪酸含量建立校正模型,并采用交互验证和外部检验两种方式来考察模型的可靠性。得到模型校正相关系数(R2)0.8704,均方估计残差(RMSEC)和交互校验均方残差(RMSECV)分别为0.6275和0.8907,应用所建立的必需脂肪酸近红外模型对婴儿乳粉必需脂肪酸含量进行预测,并将预测值和化学测量值进行配对t检验,结果表明两者无显著差异。