全文获取类型
收费全文 | 131194篇 |
免费 | 288篇 |
国内免费 | 113篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 47591篇 |
晶体学 | 1913篇 |
力学 | 8265篇 |
综合类 | 13篇 |
数学 | 29400篇 |
物理学 | 44413篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 270篇 |
2021年 | 536篇 |
2020年 | 496篇 |
2019年 | 732篇 |
2018年 | 10245篇 |
2017年 | 11116篇 |
2016年 | 5761篇 |
2015年 | 1629篇 |
2014年 | 1412篇 |
2013年 | 2248篇 |
2012年 | 6326篇 |
2011年 | 14906篇 |
2010年 | 9282篇 |
2009年 | 9309篇 |
2008年 | 12981篇 |
2007年 | 16528篇 |
2006年 | 1973篇 |
2005年 | 8200篇 |
2004年 | 4331篇 |
2003年 | 4123篇 |
2002年 | 2028篇 |
2001年 | 578篇 |
2000年 | 1051篇 |
1999年 | 498篇 |
1998年 | 571篇 |
1997年 | 498篇 |
1996年 | 382篇 |
1995年 | 191篇 |
1994年 | 171篇 |
1993年 | 141篇 |
1992年 | 129篇 |
1991年 | 124篇 |
1990年 | 109篇 |
1989年 | 111篇 |
1988年 | 114篇 |
1987年 | 113篇 |
1986年 | 105篇 |
1985年 | 115篇 |
1984年 | 132篇 |
1983年 | 127篇 |
1982年 | 117篇 |
1981年 | 116篇 |
1980年 | 106篇 |
1979年 | 126篇 |
1978年 | 139篇 |
1976年 | 77篇 |
1975年 | 68篇 |
1973年 | 103篇 |
1969年 | 81篇 |
1968年 | 115篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 515 毫秒
81.
A firm's logistics cost, including shipping and inventory-carrying, is a substantial percentage of its sales. Nevertheless, typical inventory-control methods ignore or insufficiently represent the shipping cost. This paper describes a recursive algorithm that determines the reorder cycle-time that minimizes total logistics cost. It allows for a realistic accounting of shipping cost, which is modelled here as a function of shipping distance and weight. The algorithm uses a relaxation procedure to identify a suitable initial approximation to the optimal order cycle-time and then, through a series of recursive steps, moves to the optimal result. We demonstrate the algorithm with a single item, with a group of items that share a common order cycle, and with multi-items when item demands are random variables. Experience with this algorithm indicates that it converges to the optimal result in a very few steps. 相似文献
82.
We report an experimental observation of the influence of concentration of Er3+ ions in an Erbiumdoped silica fiber on the spectral characteristics of an erbium fiber laser. Our basic conclusion is that an increase of erbium concentration in the fiber results in the laser optical spectrum narrowing. We also discuss possible mechanisms responsible for this effect. 相似文献
83.
S. N. Solov’ev K. A. Minasyan A. A. Korunov 《Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Focus on Chemistry》2006,80(4):663-664
The enthalpies of reactions of La2CoO4(cr) and CoCl2(cr) with hydrochloric acid were measured with an isothermal-jacket calorimeter. The results obtained and the available literature data were used to calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of La2CoO4(cr) at 298.15 K, Δf H o = ?2179 ± 7 kJ/mol. 相似文献
84.
Q. Sun Q. Wang X.G. Gong V. Kumar Y. Kawazoe 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2002,18(1):77-81
We report results of the atomic and electronic structures of Al7C cluster using ab initio molecular dynamics with ultrasoft pseudopotentials and generalized gradient approximation. The lowest energy structure is
found to be the one in which carbon atom occupies an interstitial position in Al7 cluster. The electronic structure shows that the recent observation [Chem. Phys. Lett. 316, 31 (2000)] of magic behavior of Al7C- cluster is due to a large highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gap which makes Al7C- chemically inert. These results have further led us to the finding of a new neutral magic cluster Al7N which has the same number of valence electrons as in Al7C- and a large HOMO-LUMO gap of 1.99 eV. Further, calculations have been carried out on (Al7N)2 to study interaction between magic clusters.
Received 28 July 2001 相似文献
85.
Discharges with liquid nonmetallic electrodes of much interest for applications are investigated. It is found that a dc discharge between two streams of tap water in air at atmospheric pressure is stable at a currentof 40≤I≤100 mA. The discharge exists in the diffuse (volume) form with a relatively low current density (∼0.2 A/cm2) and a high (above one kilovolt) voltage drop across the air gap (∼1 cm) between the water electrodes. The current density and voltage depend only slightly on the discharge current. Probe measurements show that three regions can be distinguished in the discharge: two electrode regions (1–2 mm in length) and a discharge column with a constant electric field of ≈0.8 kV/cm (i.e., E/N≈20 Td, because the gas in the discharge is heated up to 1500–2000 K). The average electric field strength near the electrodes is E≈2–3×103 V/cm (E/N≈60–80 Td). The charged particle density in the column is n ∼ 1012 cm−3. The probe measurements of n agree with the previous microwave absorption measurements. The water vapor concentration in the column is also estimated from probe measurements. 相似文献
86.
R. A. Ganeev A. I. Ryasnyanskii M. K. Kodirov Sh. R. Kamalov V. A. Li R. I. Tugushev T. Usmanov 《Technical Physics》2002,47(8):991-995
Nonlinear optical parameters (nonlinear refractive indices and nonlinear absorption coefficients) of solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone doped by cobalt to various concentrations are measured at the lasing and second-harmonic wavelengths of a picosecond Nd:YAG laser (λ=1064 and 532 nm, respectively, and τ=35 ps). Data on optical limitation in these solutions are presented. The absence of nonlinear absorption in the IR spectral range and its significant effect in the visible range are demonstrated. Optical limitation at a wavelength of 1064 nm is related to defocusing, whereas at 532 nm, this effect is caused by two-photon absorption and partially by inverse saturated absorption and defocusing. Nonlinear optical parameters of metal-polymer complexes are reported. 相似文献
87.
B. Dubrulle F. Hersant 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2002,26(3):379-386
We generalize an analogy between rotating and stratified shear flows. This analogy is summarized in Table 1. We use this analogy
in the unstable case (centrifugally unstable flow vs. convection) to compute the torque in Taylor-Couette configuration, as a function of the Reynolds number. At low Reynolds
numbers, when most of the dissipation comes from the mean flow, we predict that the non-dimensional torque G = T/ν2
L, where L is the cylinder length, scales with Reynolds number R and gap width η, G = 1.46η3/2(1 - η)-7/4
R
3/2. At larger Reynolds number, velocity fluctuations become non-negligible in the dissipation. In these regimes, there is no
exact power law dependence the torque versus Reynolds. Instead, we obtain logarithmic corrections to the classical ultra-hard (exponent 2) regimes: G = 0.50
. These predictions are found to be in excellent agreement with avail-able experimental data. Predictions for scaling of velocity
fluctuations are also provided.
Received 7 June 2001 and Received in final form 7 December 2001 相似文献
88.
E. V. Kuz’min 《Physics of the Solid State》2002,44(6):1122-1129
The spin system of the Heisenberg model (s=1/2) on a square lattice with antiferromagnetic (AFM) exchange between nearest neighbors (in which there is no long-range magnetic order at any T≠0) is treated as a spatially homogeneous isotropic spin liquid. The double-time temperature Green’s function method is used in the framework of a second-step decoupling scheme. It is shown that, as T → 0, the spin liquid goes over (without any change in symmetry) to a singlet state with energy (per bond) ?0=?0.352 and the correlation length diverges as ξ ∝ T ?1 exp(T 0/T). The spatial spin correlators oscillate in sign with distance, as in the AFM state. The theory allows one to calculate the main characteristics of the system in all temperature ranges. 相似文献
89.
S. P. Mukherjee A. K. Chattopadhyay 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》1989,40(5):489-494
Consider an organization with several categories of staff, each having a specified number of members. The age of entry into service and the age of retirement are both specified. Withdrawals occur at time-independent rates. Under this set-up, the authors have computed the maximum ages at which promotions should take place, assuming that the staff members continuing at various ages are random. Some illustrative calculations have been carried out. 相似文献
90.