Research on orotron oscillator with dispersive open resonant system

Theoretical and experimental results of an investigation into a new resonant system have been obtained. This system is named the sphere-corner-echelette open resonator (SCEOR) due to the employment of a mirror that was formed by two echelettes at the angles of 45° to the resonator axis. It turns ont that this resonator is excited on the specific modes not unique to others oscillating systems. There are presented the results of the experimental research of the orotron oscillator with the SCEOR. The spectrum of this device contains only the fundamental modes such as theT E M ₀₀₆,T E M ₀₀₇,T E M ₀₀₈. The efficiency of the orotron is improved, when all other factors are the same the orotron with a much used sphere-cylindrical open resonator.     

Spatial correlations of recombination radiation intensities of two-dimensional electrons under the conditions of the quantum Hall effect

Correlations have been studied between the recombination radiation intensities of a two-dimensional electron gas measured at different points of the sample with giant luminescence fluctuations in the quantum Hall effect regime. It has been found that the correlation of the radiation intensities measured under these conditions at different points of the sample separated by a distance of 1–3 mm is close to unity and disappeared in a threshold way with increasing temperature. It is shown that macroscopic spatial correlations also disappear if the electron system is artificially divided into two subsystems not connected with each other.     

Studies of degradation enhancement of polystyrene by flame retardant additives

Experimental methods as well as thermodynamic modeling techniques were utilized to explore potential gas and condensed-phase contributions of various flame retardant (FR) additives with polystyrene polymer. FR additives investigated include hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), triphenyl phosphine oxide (TPPO), triphenyl phosphate (TPP), triphenyl phosphine sulfide (TPPS), and sulfur. Flame studies of fundamental FR activity were also employed using molecular beam mass spectrometry analysis of FR active species directly in a flame system. The flame studies show direct evidence for active bromine (HBr, Br) species for HBCD and active phosphorous species (HPO₂, PO, PO₂ HPO₃) species for TPPO and TPP which provide high potential for gas-phase activity for these FR additives. Various experimental measurements were also done to assess the degradation species and the degree of degradation of polystyrene by the FR additives. These studies support enhanced degradation of the base polystyrene polymer by the FR additive as a major pathway for condensed FR activity for HBCD and sulfur FR additives. Phosphorous based structures appear to show little enhancement of polystyrene degradation.     

Issue of the spherically symmetric static vacuum metric in the relativistic theory of gravity

The spherically symmetric vacuum metric in the relativistic theory of gravity is analyzed numerically. It is found that there is no deviation of the numerical solution from that of general relativity except in the near-horizon range. The solution obtained has the well-established analytical asymptotics for both the near-and far-horizon limits. It satisfies the causality principle and does not impose a lower limit on the graviton mass.      

Adsorption of volatile hydrocarbons on natural zeolite-clay material

This study investigated the vapor-phase sorption of hydrocarbons (HC) of various chemical nature (n-hexane, iso-octane, benzene, toluene and p-xylene) on zeolite-clay material (ZCM) of Tatarsky-Shatrashansky deposit (Tatarstan, Russia). For comparison, we also studied HC sorption on natural high-grade zeolite (Z) of St. Cloud Mine (New Mexico, USA), two local bentonite clays and synthetic zeolite-molecular sieve Ms5A. As a result, sorption capacity of ZCM towards aliphatic and aromatic HC was significantly higher than the sorption capacity of Z but lower than that of clays. In addition, the data showed that HC sorption on ZCM occurs as surface adsorption. The comparison with Ms5A and erionite ZAPS, a natural Mexican zeolite, revealed that both ZCM and Z do not interact as microporous selective sorbents with linear alkanes. The main differences in HC sorption on ZCM and Z were ZCM higher sorption capacity towards both aliphatic and aromatic HC, as well as its lower sorption sensitivity to the type of HC. We found that the reason for these differences is the presence of large amount of clay minerals in ZCM. To summarize, ZCM can be considered as a suitable adsorbent for protection and remediation of HC-contaminated soils.     

Distribution of Global Measures of Deviation Between the Empirical Distribution Function and Its Concave Majorant

We investigate the distribution of some global measures of deviation between the empirical distribution function and its least concave majorant. In the case that the underlying distribution has a strictly decreasing density, we prove asymptotic normality for several L _k -type distances. In the case of a uniform distribution, we also establish their limit distribution together with that of the supremum distance. It turns out that in the uniform case, the measures of deviation are of greater order and their limit distributions are different.     

Investigation of the turbulent mixing of thin layers of materials of different density during the laser acceleration of flat multilayer targets in the Iskra-4 facility

The results of the first experiments devised to investigate the mixing of thin layers of Al and Au during the laser acceleration of flat three-layer targets of Si (5 μm), Al (2 μm), and Au (0.05–0.26 μm) by radiation converted to the second harmonic from the Iskra-4 iodine laser with an intensity of 4×10¹³−7×10¹³ W/cm² (τ _0.5∼1 ns), which acts on the Si side of the target. A method for detecting the occurrence of mixing is developed. It is established that under the experimental conditions the thickness of the mixing region is at least ∼0.15 μm. The results of a theoretical analysis of the evolution of the disturbances leading to mixing are presented. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 111, 882–888 (March 1997) Deceased.