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101.
Respiratory complex I is a key enzyme in the electron transport chains of mitochondria and bacteria. It transfers two electrons to quinone and couples this redox reaction to proton pumping to electrically charge the membrane it is embedded in. The charge and pH gradient across the membrane drives the synthesis of ATP. The redox reaction and proton pumping in complex I are separated in space and time, which raises the question of how the two reactions are coupled so efficiently. Here, we focus on the unique ~35 Å long tunnel of complex I, which houses the binding site of quinone reduction. We discuss the redox and protonation reactions that occur in this tunnel and how they influence the dynamics of protein and substrate. On the basis of recent structural data and results from molecular simulations, we review how quinone reduction and dynamics may be coupled to proton pumping in complex I. 相似文献
102.
103.
The domino reactions of (E)-2-(aryl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ones and 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol in the presence of triethylamine in water stereoselectively afforded a library of 2′-(aryl)-4′-hydroxy-4′,5′-dihydro-2′H-spiro[indene-2,3′-thiophen]-1(3H)-ones. This transformation presumably proceeds via the generation of 2-mercaptoacetaldehyde from 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol followed by Michael addition–intramolecular aldol sequence with C–C and C–S bond formations and creation of three contiguous stereocenters in a one-pot operation. 相似文献
104.
Liu L Tan G Agarwal V Bose A He J McPherson GL John VT 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2005,(36):4517-4519
Long range alignment of silica nanowires has been accomplished by extrusion of a novel surfactant mesophase prior to silica synthesis. 相似文献
105.
Satyasankar Jana Vivek Arjunan Vasantha Ludger Paul Stubbs Anbanandam Parthiban Julius G. Vancso 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(15):3260-3273
Vinylimidazole‐based asymmetric ion pair comonomers ( IPC s) which are free from nonpolymerizable counter ions have been synthesized, characterized and polymerized by free radical polymerization (FRP), atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) mediated polymerizations in solution and by dispersion polymerization in water. The asymmetric nature of IPC s is due to the fact that cationic component of these IPCs is derived from vinylimidazole (VIm) and anionic component is derived from either styrenesulfonate (SS) or 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonate. Although under ATRP, conversions are either very low or negligible, FRP and RAFT produces polymers with high to moderate monomer conversions but with different solubility characteristics. This investigation provides insight to the polymerization behavior of each component of the asymmetric IPCs and also its effects on composition and solubility characteristics of the resulting polymers. The IPCs studied here are high temperature ionic liquid and thus the polymers synthesized from these IPCs are highly ionic in nature and possess very strong intermolecular interactions which makes some of these IPC based polymers completely insoluble in organic and aqueous solvents. This highly ionic interaction is exploited to synthesize ionically crosslinked PMMA. MMA on copolymerization with 5–6 mol % of IPC yielded copolymer which is insoluble in common organic solvents like THF, DMF, etc., unlike homo PMMA. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3260–3273 相似文献
106.
An averaged system to approximate the slow dynamics of a two timescale nonlinear stochastic control system is introduced.
Validity of the approximation is established. Special cases are considered to illustrate the general theory. 相似文献
107.
In this note a dual problem is formulated for a given class of disjunctive linear fractional programming problems. This result generalizes to fractional programming the duality theorem of disjunctive linear programming originated by Balas. Two examples are given to illustrate the result. 相似文献
108.
Sundaravel Vivek Kumar Mani Anusha Rani Abdulrahman I. Almansour Raju Suresh Kumar S. Athimoolam Raju Ranjith Kumar 《Tetrahedron》2018,74(35):4569-4577
A facile syntheses of novel poly-substituted pyridine/benzo fused cyclododecane hybrid heterocycles have been achieved through one-pot multi-component tandem strategy employing cyclododecanone, aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile. 相似文献
109.
Vivek Vattipalli Abdul Mughis Paracha Dr. Weiguo Hu Prof. Dr. Huiyong Chen Prof. Dr. Wei Fan 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(14):3607-3611
Siliceous zeolites are ideally suited for emerging applications in gas separations, sensors, and the next generation of low‐k dielectric materials, but the use of fluoride in the synthesis significantly hinders their commercialization. Herein, we show that the dry gel conversion (DGC) technique can overcome this problem. Fluoride‐free synthesis of two siliceous zeolites—AMH‐4 (CHA‐type) and AMH‐5 (STT‐type), has been achieved for the first time using the method. Siliceous *BEA‐, MFI‐, and *MRE‐type zeolites have also been synthesized to obtain insights into the crystallization process. Charge‐balancing interactions between the inorganic cation, organic structure‐directing agent (OSDA), and Si?O? defects are found to be an essential aspect. We quantify this factor in terms of the “OSDA charge/silica ratio” of the as‐made zeolites and demonstrate that the DGC technique is broadly applicable and opens up new avenues for fluoride‐free siliceous zeolite synthesis. 相似文献
110.
Kinetic investigations on interaction of carbon monoxide with RuIICl2(PPh3)3 in mixed aqueous medium
Vivek K. Srivastava Ram S. Shukla Sharad D. Bhatt Raksh V. Jasra 《Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters》2004,81(1):99-105
Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics of interaction of CO with RuCl2(PPh3)3 (1) have been investigated in 1:1(v/v) water — 1,4-dioxan mixture in which 1 dissociates to RuCl2(PPh3)2 (1a), by losing a coordinated PPh3. The kinetics of complexation of (1a) with CO to form RuCl2(CO)(PPh3)2 (2) indicated first order dependence in [1a] and [CO]. The thermodynamic parameters for the formation of 2 were determined.This revised version was published online in December 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献