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821.
822.
Synthesis and Structure of Ammine and Amido Complexes of Iridium The reaction of (NH4)2[IrCl6] with NH4Cl at 300 °C in a sealed glass ampoule yields the iridium(III) ammine complex (NH4)2[Ir(NH3)Cl5], which crystallizes isotypically with K2[Ir(NH3)Cl5] in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with Z = 4, and a = 1350.0(2); b = 1028.5(3); c = 689.6(2) pm. The reaction of (NH4)2[IrCl6] with NH3 at 300 °C, however, gives the already known [Ir(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 beside a small amount of [Ir(NH3)4Cl2]Cl2. In pure form [Ir(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 is obtained by ammonolysis of (NH4)2[Ir(NH3)Cl5] at 300 °C with NH3. [Ir(NH3)4Cl2]Cl2 crystallizes triclinic (P1, Z = 1, a = 660,2(3); b = 680,4(3); c = 711,1(2) pm; α = 103,85(2)°, β = 114,54(3)°, γ = 112,75(2)°). The structure contains Cl– anions and [Ir(NH3)4Cl2]2+ cations with a trans position of the Cl atoms. Upon reaction of [Ir(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 with Cl2 one ammine ligand is eliminated yielding [Ir(NH3)4Cl2]Cl, which is transformed to orthorhombic [Ir(NH3)4(OH2)Cl]Cl2 (Pnma, Z = 4, a = 1335,1(3); b = 1047,9(2); c = 673,4(2) pm) by crystallization from water. In the octahedral complex [Ir(NH3)4(OH2)Cl]2+ the four ammine ligands have an equatorial position, whereas the Cl atom and the aqua ligand are arranged axial. Oxidation of (NH4)2[Ir(NH3)Cl5] with Cl2 at 330 °C affords the tetragonal IrIV complex (NH4)[Ir(NH3)Cl5] (P4nc, Z = 2, a = 702.68(5); c = 912.89(9) pm). Its structure was determined using the powder diagram. Oxidation of (NH4)2[Ir(NH3)Cl5] with Br2 in water, on the other hand, gives (NH4)2[IrBr6] crystallizing in the K2[PtCl6] type. Oxidation of (PPh4)2[Ir(NH3)Cl5] with PhI(OAc)2 in CH2Cl2 affords the IrV amido complex (PPh4)[Ir(NH2)Cl5]. 相似文献
823.
Brian S. Hammes Victor G. Young Jr. Andrew S. Borovik 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》1999,38(5):666-669
Nature uses hydrogen bonds to regulate a variety of metal‐based reactions. These effects are emulated in the stabilization of trigonal‐bipyramidal, paramagnetic Co–OH complexes such as the mono‐ or dianionic redox‐active complex 1 by use of a new hydrogen‐bonding ligand. 相似文献
824.
Joo Victor Batista da Silva Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira Leandra Nira Zambelli Ramalho 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(23)
Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced as secondary fungal metabolites. Among them, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) stands out due to its genotoxic and mutagenic potential, being a potent initiator of carcinogenesis. In this review, the outcomes from the published literature in the past 10 years on the effects of AFB1 pathophysiological mechanisms on embryological and fetal development are discussed. In several animal species, including humans, AFB1 has a teratogenic effect, resulting in bone malformations, visceral anomalies, lesions in several organs, and behavioral and reproductive changes, in addition to low birth weight. The mutagenic capacity of AFB1 in prenatal life is greater than in adults, indicating that when exposure occurs in the womb, the risk of the development of neoplasms is higher. Studies conducted in humans indicate that the exposure to this mycotoxin during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight, decreased head circumference, and DNA hypermethylation. However, as the actual impacts on humans are still unclear, the importance of this issue cannot be overemphasized and studies on the matter are essential. 相似文献
825.
Chang-Sung Lim Aleksandr Aleksandrovsky Maxim Molokeev Aleksandr Oreshonkov Victor Atuchin 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(23)
A set of new triple molybdates, LixNa1-xCaGd0.5(MoO4)3:Ho3+0.05/Yb3+0.45, was successfully manufactured by the microwave-accompanied sol–gel-based process (MAS). Yellow molybdate phosphors LixNa1-xCaGd0.5(MoO4)3:Ho3+0.05/Yb3+0.45 with variation of the LixNa1-x (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) ratio under constant doping amounts of Ho3+ = 0.05 and Yb3+ = 0.45 were obtained, and the effect of Li+ on their spectroscopic features was investigated. The crystal structures of LixNa1-xCaGd0.5(MoO4)3:Ho3+0.05/Yb3+0.45 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) at room temperature were determined in space group I41/a by Rietveld analysis. Pure NaCaGd0.5Ho0.05Yb0.45(MoO4)3 has a scheelite-type structure with cell parameters a = 5.2077 (2) and c = 11.3657 (5) Å, V = 308.24 (3) Å3, Z = 4. In Li-doped samples, big cation sites are occupied by a mixture of (Li,Na,Gd,Ho,Yb) ions, and this provides a linear cell volume decrease with increasing Li doping level. The evaluated upconversion (UC) behavior and Raman spectroscopic results of the phosphors are discussed in detail. Under excitation at 980 nm, the phosphors provide yellow color emission based on the 5S2/5F4 → 5I8 green emission and the 5F5 → 5I8 red emission. The incorporated Li+ ions gave rise to local symmetry distortion (LSD) around the cations in the substituted crystalline structure by the Ho3+ and Yb3+ ions, and they further affected the UC transition probabilities in triple molybdates LixNa1-xCaGd0.5(MoO4)3:Ho3+0.05/Yb3+0.45. The complex UC intensity dependence on the Li content is explained by the specificity of unit cell distortion in a disordered large ion system within the scheelite crystal structure. The Raman spectra of LixNa1-xCaGd0.5(MoO4)3 doped with Ho3+ and Yb3+ ions were totally superimposed with the luminescence signal of Ho3+ ions in the range of Mo–O stretching vibrations, and increasing the Li+ content resulted in a change in the Ho3+ multiplet intensity. The individual chromaticity points (ICP) for the LiNaCaGd(MoO4)3:Ho3+,Yb3+ phosphors correspond to the equal-energy point in the standard CIE (Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage) coordinates. 相似文献
826.
Dmitri V. Konarev Alexey V. Kuzmin Salavat S. Khasanov Alexey A. Goryunkov Victor A. Brotsman Ilya N. Ioffe Akihiro Otsuka Hideki Yamochi Hiroshi Kitagawa Rimma N. Lyubovskaya 《化学:亚洲杂志》2019,14(11):1958-1964
Radical anion salt {cryptand[2.2.2] (K+)}2(bispheroid)2??3.5C6H4Cl2 ( 1 ) of the double‐caged fullerene C60 derivative, in which fullerene cages are linked by a cyclobutane bridging cycle and additionally by a pyrrolizidine moiety, was obtained. Each fullerene cage in this derivative accepts one electron on reduction, thus forming the (bispheroid)2? dianions with two interacting S=1/2 spins on the neighboring cages. Low‐temperature magnetic measurements reveal a singlet ground state of the bispheroid dianions whereas triplet contributions prevail at increased temperature. An estimated exchange interaction between two spins J/kB=?78 K in 1 indicates strong magnetic coupling between them, nearly two times higher than that (J/kB=?44.7 K) in previously studied (C60?)2 dimers linked via a cyclobutane bridge only. The enhancement of magnetic coupling in 1 can be explained by a shorter distance between the fullerene cages and, possibly, an additional channel for the magnetic exchange provided by a pyrrolizidine bridge. Quantum‐chemical calculations of the lowest electronic state of the dianions by means of multi‐configuration quasi‐degenerate perturbation theory support the experimental findings. 相似文献
827.
William W. Brennessel Alexander Romanenkov Victor G. Young John E. Ellis 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2019,75(2):135-140
Treatment of tetraethylammonium hexacarbonyltantalate, [Et4N][Ta(CO)6], with 1.1 equivalents of molecular iodine (I2) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 200 K, followed by the addition of 6.0 equivalents of 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl isocyanide (CNDipp) and slow warming to 293 K over a 24 h period gave the tantalum(I) iodide derivative hexakis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl isocyanide‐κC)iodidotantalum(I), [TaI(C13H17N)6] or TaI(CNDipp)6, 1 . Recrystallization of this substance from pentane provided deep‐red nearly black parallelepipeds of the product, which was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Addition of 1 in THF at 200 K to a suspension of an excess (5.8 equivalents) of caesium graphite (CsC8), followed by warming, filtration, and solvent removal, afforded a dark‐green oily solid of unknown composition, from which several red–brown rhombohedral plates of the ditantalum salt heptakis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl isocyanide‐κC)tantalum hexakis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl isocyanide‐κC)tantalate, [Ta(C13H17N)7][Ta(C13H17N)6] or [Ta(CNDipp)7][Ta(CNDipp)6], 2 , were harvested. Salt 2 is a unique substance, as it is the only known example of a salt containing a homoleptic cation, [MLx]+, and a homoleptic anion, [MLy]?, with the same transition metal and π‐acceptor ligand L. In solution, 2 undergoes full comproportionation to afford the recently reported 17‐electron paramagnetic zerovalent tantalum complex Ta(CNDipp)6, the only known isolable TaL6 complex of Ta0. 相似文献
828.
Juan Carlos Sandoval‐Santana Victor Guadalupe Ibarra‐Sierra Jos Luis Cardoso Alejandro Kunold Pedro Roman‐Taboada Gerardo Naumis 《Annalen der Physik》2019,531(8)
Time‐driven quantum systems are important in many different fields of physics as cold atoms, solid state, optics, etc. Many of their properties are encoded in the time evolution operator or the effective Hamiltonian. Finding these operators usually requires very complex calculations that often involve some approximations. To perform this task, a systematic scheme that can be cast in the form of a symbolic computational algorithm is presented. It is suitable for periodic and non‐periodic potentials and, for convoluted systems, can also be adapted to yield numerical solutions. The method exploits the structure of the associated Lie group and a decomposition of the evolution operator on each group generator. To illustrate the use of the method, five examples are provided: harmonic oscillator with time‐dependent frequency (Paul trap), modulated optical lattice, time‐driven quantum oscillator, a step‐wise driving of a free particle, and the non‐periodic Caldirola‐Kanai Hamiltonian. To the extent of the authors' knowledge, whereas the exact form of Paul trap's evolution operator is well known, its effective Hamiltonian was until now unknown. The remaining four examples accurately reproduce previous results. 相似文献
829.
Serge Paulin T. Mukam Abbagari Souleymanou Victor K. Kuetche Thomas B. Bouetou 《Nonlinear dynamics》2018,92(2):373-394
Objectives of the paper are (1) to design two new real and complex no equilibrium point hyperchaotic systems, (2) to design synchronisation technique for the new systems using the contraction theory and (3) to validate the results by using circuit realisation. First a new no equilibrium point hyperchaotic system is developed using a 3-D generalised Lorenz system; then using the new system a new complex no equilibrium point hyperchaotic system is reported. Both the new systems have hidden chaotic attractors. Various dynamical behaviours are observed in the new systems like chaotic, periodic, quasi-periodic and hyperchaotic. Both the systems have inverse crisis route to chaos with the variation of parameter a and crisis route to chaos with the variation of parameters \(b,\ c\) and d. These phenomena along with hidden attractors in a complex hyperchaotic system are not seen in the literature. Synchronisation between the identical new hyperchaotic systems is achieved using the contraction theory. Further the synchronisation between the identical new complex hyperchaotic systems is achieved using adaptive contraction theory. The proposed synchronisation strategies are validated using the MATLAB simulation and circuit implementation results. Further, an application of the proposed system is shown by transmitting and receiving an audio signal. 相似文献
830.
Pump−probe experiments at the TEMPO beamline using the low‐α operation mode of Synchrotron SOLEIL
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Mathieu G. Silly Tom Ferté Marie Agnes Tordeux Debora Pierucci Nathan Beaulieu Christian Chauvet Federico Pressacco Fausto Sirotti Horia Popescu Victor Lopez-Flores Marina Tortarolo Maurizio Sacchi Nicolas Jaouen Philippe Hollander Jean Paul Ricaud Nicolas Bergeard Christine Boeglin Bharati Tudu Renaud Delaunay Jan Luning Gregory Malinowski Michel Hehn Cédric Baumier Franck Fortuna Damjan Krizmancic Luigi Stebel Rudi Sergo Giuseppe Cautero 《Journal of synchrotron radiation》2017,24(4):886-897
The SOLEIL synchrotron radiation source is regularly operated in special filling modes dedicated to pump–probe experiments. Among others, the low‐α mode operation is characterized by shorter pulse duration and represents the natural bridge between 50 ps synchrotron pulses and femtosecond experiments. Here, the capabilities in low‐α mode of the experimental set‐ups developed at the TEMPO beamline to perform pump–probe experiments with soft X‐rays based on photoelectron or photon detection are presented. A 282 kHz repetition‐rate femtosecond laser is synchronized with the synchrotron radiation time structure to induce fast electronic and/or magnetic excitations. Detection is performed using a two‐dimensional space resolution plus time resolution detector based on microchannel plates equipped with a delay line. Results of time‐resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, circular dichroism and magnetic scattering experiments are reported, and their respective advantages and limitations in the framework of high‐time‐resolution pump–probe experiments compared and discussed. 相似文献