A convenient new and efficient commercial synthetic route for dasatinib (Sprycel®)

A new and efficient synthetic route for dual-Src/Abl kinase inhibitor dasatinib (Sprycel®), an anticancer drug, is described. This commercially viable process yields dasatinib monohydrate free of potential impurities with consistent yield of 68% in route A and 61% in route B with HPLC purity >99.80% over four stages.     

A simple and rapid method for determination of boron in fast breeder reactor components

The present paper describes a new analytical method developed for direct determination of boron in steels using radio frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometer. “Single parameter alternative method” technique has been used to optimize the various experimental conditions of glow discharge plasma such as forward power, gas pressure inside plasma chamber, pre-integration time, and integration time. Different emission lines for boron were studied and inter element interference effect is also discussed in the paper. A complete statistical analysis has been done to validate the developed method. A RSD of less than ±5% is achieved for boron in the range of 0.0010–0.020% in Steels using this method.     

An Efficient N‐Arylation of Heterocycles with Aryl‐, Heteroaryl‐, and Vinylboronic Acids Catalyzed by Copper Fluorapatite

N‐Arylation of N‐containing heterocycles, such as pyrazoles, imidazoles, and benzimidazoles with aryl‐, heteroaryl‐, and vinylboronic acids was efficiently carried out by copper fluorapatite (CuFAP) catalyst in MeOH at room temperature under base‐free conditions. The N‐arylated heterocycles were isolated in good‐to‐excellent yields.     

Evaluation of heat capacity measurements by temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry

Temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) is known to have the ability to measure heat capacity of materials more accurately than the conventional differential scanning calorimeter. However, the accuracy of the measured heat capacity displays significant dependence on various experimental parameters such as period of modulation (p), amplitude of modulation (a), geometry of sample (g), heating rate (r), etc. One of the key features of this system is the ability to measure heat capacity under quasi-isothermal conditions. In the present investigation, heat capacity of a well-established system namely sapphire and thoria was measured by TMDSC under dynamic mode and also under quasi-isothermal mode. The experimental parameters, mentioned above p, a, g, and r are varied to establish the conditions for measuring heat capacity accurately.     

Thermal expansion and heat capacity of dysprosium hafnate

Dysprosium hafnate is a candidate material for as control rods in nuclear reactor because dysprosium (Dy) and hafnium (Hf) have very high absorption cross-sections for neutrons. Dysprosium hafnate (Dy₂O₃·2HfO₂-fluorite phase solid solution) was prepared by solid-state as well as wet chemical routes. The fluorite phase of the compound was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal expansion characteristics were studied using high temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD) in the temperature range 298–1973 K. Heat capacity measurements of dysprosium hafnate were carried out using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the temperature range 298–800 K. The room temperature lattice parameter and the coefficient of thermal expansion are 0.5194 nm and 7.69 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹, respectively. The heat capacity value at 298 K is 232 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹.     

Enhanced Green Emission from Er<Subscript>2</Subscript>WO<Subscript>6</Subscript> Nanocrystals Embedded Composite Tellurite Glasses

A series of tungsten-tellurite glasses activated with different concentrations (0–1.5 mol %) of Er³⁺ has been synthesized. The structural properties of the best luminescent sample and the optical properties of its Er³⁺ ions, are studied both immediate after its preparation as well as after its ageing. On ageing the glass suffers structural reorganization and generates Er₂WO₆—nanocrystals in the matrix, which greatly enhances the normal and upconversion green luminescence efficiency of Er³⁺. The nanocrystal aided enhancement of normal and upconversion luminescence of Er³⁺ of the glass has been attributed to the crystal field effects of the new environment of Er³⁺ in the nanocrystals. A phenomenon of preferential enhancement of red upconversion luminescence at the cost of green upconversion luminescence of Er³⁺ at its higher concentrations in the glass has been observed and the related photo-physics is proposed. The material shows the prospect of being used as NIR solar concentrator.     

Effect of Li2O content on physical and structural properties of vanadyl doped alkali zinc borate glasses

The effect of Li₂O content in vanadyl doped 20ZnO+xLi₂O+(30−x)Na₂O+50B₂O₃ (5≤x≥25) glasses has been studied with respect to their physical and structural properties. The absence of sharp peaks in XRD spectra of these glass samples confirms the amorphous nature. The physical parameters like density, refractive index, ionic concentration and electronic polarizability vary non-linearly with x mol% depending on the diffusivities of alkali ions. EPR and optical absorption spectra reveal that the resonance signals are characteristics of VO²⁺ ions in tetragonally compressed octahedral site. Spin-Hamiltonian, crystal field, tetragonal field and bonding parameters are found to be in good agreement with the other reported glass systems. The tetragonal distortion (g_⊥-g_∥) and Dt reveals that their values vary non-linearly with Li₂O content and reaches a minimum at x=10 mol%. An anomaly of character has been observed in all the properties of vanadyl doped glass systems, which gives a clear indication of mixed alkali effect.     

Structural and magnetic properties of self-assembled Sm-Co spherical aggregates

Self-assembled Sm-Co nanoparticles in the form of spherical aggregates (referred as nanospheres) with diameter ranging from 50 to 180 nm were achieved by means of polyol technique. The size distribution of the Sm-Co nanospheres can be regulated close to ∼100 nm by controlling the molar ratio of Sm:Co precursor. The spherical aggregates exhibited Sm₂Co₇ phase as a major constituent; while the aggregates obtained at higher Co concentration showed co-existence of Co-phase with Sm₂Co₇ phase. Upon annealing, the biphasic nature of nanospheres (Sm₂Co₇/Co) transformed into Sm₂Co₁₇ structure. By varying the Sm:Co precursor ratio from 1:5 to 1:9, the coercivity (H_c) and magnetization (M_s) values of the as-synthesized nanospheres can be tuned from 336 to 140 Oe and from 63.7 to 108 emu/g, respectively, and these values significantly improved after annealing. Maximum values of H_c (1050 Oe) at the Sm:Co molar ratio of 1:5 and M_s of 184.6 emu/g at the Sm:Co molar ratio of 1:9 were achieved in the annealed samples.     

Parameters optimization of selected casting processes using teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm

In the present work, mathematical models of three important casting processes are considered namely squeeze casting, continuous casting and die casting for the parameters optimization of respective processes. A recently developed advanced optimization algorithm named as teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) is used for the parameters optimization of these casting processes. Each process is described with a suitable example which involves respective process parameters. The mathematical model related to the squeeze casting is a multi-objective problem whereas the model related to the continuous casting is multi-objective multi-constrained problem and the problem related to the die casting is a single objective problem. The mathematical models which are considered in the present work were previously attempted by genetic algorithm and simulated annealing algorithms. However, attempt is made in the present work to minimize the computational efforts using the TLBO algorithm. Considerable improvements in results are obtained in all the cases and it is believed that a global optimum solution is achieved in the case of die casting process.     

Multi-band phase shifter design using modified slotline configuration

In this paper, an analog multiband phase shifter using slotline configuration is proposed. To implement the design, a pair of modified Split Ring Resonator (SRR) is employed. The periodic property of SRR provides multiband characteristics, whether the coupling slot gives the phase variations over the bands. The operation is well explained with an equivalent circuit model and its characteristics have been studied both in simulation and measurement. The prototype operates in 1.77–2.16, 3.5–3.97, 5.08–5.33, 6.43–6.93, and 8.01–8.59 GHz frequency bands which can be utilized for GSM, GPS, WLAN, C-band, and X-band applications, respectively.