Hierarchical neural networks for the storage of correlated memories

A class of hierarchical neural network models introduced by Dotsenko for the storage and associative recall of strongly correlated memories is studied analytically and numerically. In these models, patterns stored in higher levels of the hierarchy represent generalized categories and those stored in lower levels describe finer details. We first show that the models originally proposed by Dotsenko have a serious flaw: they are not able to detect or correct errors in categorization which may be present in the input. We then describe three different models which attempt to overcome this shortcoming of the original models. In the first model, the interaction between different levels of the hierarchy has the form of an external field conjugate to memories stored in the lower level. In the second model, a three-spin interaction term is included in addition to the usual binary interactions of the Hopfield type. The third model makes use of a time delay mechanism to induce, if necessary, transitions between memory states and their complements. Detailed analytical and numerical studies of the performance of these models are presented. Our analysis shows that all three models are able to detect and also to correct in varying degrees any error in categorization that may be present in the input pattern.     

Phase transitions and relaxation characteristics of Quantum Magnets and Quantum Glasses

An overview is presented of the phase changes as well as certain relaxation characteristics of model quantum magnets, magnetic glasses and proton glasses. Although the systems considered are quite varied, they are connected by the common themes of tunneling, transverse Ising model, long-ranged interactions and above all, the occurrence of quantum phase transitions. Because the interactions are long-ranged, mean-field theory is eminently suitable for analyzing both the equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties. Wherever pertinent, detailed comparisons with experimental data have been presented.     

Conformational Transitions of the Catalytic Domain of Heme-Regulated Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2α Kinase, a Key Translational Regulatory Molecule

In mammalian cells, the heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) plays a critical role in the regulation of protein synthesis at the initiation step through phosphorylation of α-subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). In this study we have cloned and performed biophysical characterization of the kinase catalytic domain (KD) of rabbit HRI. The KD described here comprises kinase 1, the kinase insertion domain (KI) and kinase 2. We report here the existence of an active and stable monomer of HRI (KD). The HRI (KD) containing three tryptophan residues was examined for its conformational transitions occurring under various denaturing conditions using steady-state and time-resolved tryptophan fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) and hydrophobic dye binding. The parameter A and phase diagram analysis revealed multi-state unfolding and existence of three stable intermediates during guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl) induced unfolding of HRI (KD). The protein treated with 6 M Gdn-HCl showed collisional and static mechanism of acrylamide quenching and the constants (K _sv  = 3.08 M⁻¹and K _s   = 5.62 M⁻¹) were resolved using time resolved fluorescence titration. Based on pH, guanidine hydrochloride and temperature mediated transitions, HRI (KD) appears to exemplify a rigid molten globule-like intermediate with compact secondary structure, altered tertiary structure and exposed hydrophobic patches at pH 3.0. The results indicate the inherent structural stability of HRI (KD), a member of the class of stress response proteins.     

Uncapped silver nanoparticles synthesized by DC arc thermal plasma technique for conductor paste formulation

Uncapped silver nanoparticles were synthesized by DC arc thermal plasma technique. The synthesized nanoparticles were structurally cubic and showed wide particle size variation (between 20–150 nm). Thick film paste formulated from such uncapped silver nanoparticles was screen-printed on alumina substrates and the resultant ‘green’ films were fired at different firing temperatures. The films fired at 600 °C revealed better microstructure properties and also yielded the lowest value of sheet resistance in comparison to those corresponding to conventional peak firing temperature of 850 °C. Our findings directly support the role of silver nanoparticles in substantially depressing the operative peak firing temperature involved in traditional conductor thick films technology.     

Trigonometric approximation of functions in $$L_1$$ L 1 -norm

Periodica Mathematica Hungarica - In this paper, the authors have obtained $$L_1$$ -approximations of functions f in $$ {{\,\mathrm{Lip}\,}}(\alpha ,1) $$ $$ (0 < \alpha \le 1) $$ by...     

Chemical Composition,Antioxidant, Anti-Bacterial,and Anti-Cancer Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from Citrus limetta Risso Peel Waste Remains after Commercial Use

Citrus plants are widely utilized for edible purposes and medicinal utility throughout the world. However, because of the higher abundance of the antimicrobial compound D-Limonene, the peel waste cannot be disposed of by biogas production. Therefore, after the extraction of D-Limonene from the peel wastes, it can be easily disposed of. The D-Limonene rich essential oil from the Citrus limetta risso (CLEO) was extracted and evaluated its radical quenching, bactericidal, and cytotoxic properties. The radical quenching properties were DPPH radical scavenging (11.35 ± 0.51 µg/mL) and ABTS scavenging (10.36 ± 0.55 µg/mL). There, we observed a dose-dependent antibacterial potential for the essential oil against pathogenic bacteria. Apart from that, the essential oil also inhibited the biofilm-forming properties of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. enterica, and S. aureus. Further, cytotoxicity was also exhibited against estrogen receptor-positive (MCF7) cells (IC₅₀: 47.31 ± 3.11 µg/mL) and a triple-negative (MDA-MB-237) cell (IC₅₀: 55.11 ± 4.62 µg/mL). Upon evaluation of the mechanism of action, the toxicity was mediated through an increased level of reactive radicals of oxygen and the subsequent release of cytochrome C, indicative of mitotoxicity. Hence, the D-Limonene rich essential oil of C. limetta is useful as a strong antibacterial and cytotoxic agent; the antioxidant properties exhibited also increase its utility value.     

An iterative method for solving nonlinear functional equations

An iterative method for solving nonlinear functional equations, viz. nonlinear Volterra integral equations, algebraic equations and systems of ordinary differential equation, nonlinear algebraic equations and fractional differential equations has been discussed.     

Green fabrication of silver nanoparticles via Ipomea carnea latex extract: Antibacterial activity

A versatile green and nontoxic begin method for bio-reduction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using latex extract of Ipomea carnea was reported. Different instrumental tools were applied to evaluate the formation of AgNPs, as an example UV–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The absorption peak of AgNPs obtained at around 413 nm. FTIR study confirmed that the bio-capping components present in latex extract served as reducing and stabilizing agent. The findings of XRD, SEM and HR-TEM images revealed that the formation of crystalline and spherical shape nanoparticles and showed well size distribution with mean size 9.8±0.27 nm. Additionally, the green fabricated AgNPs exhibited considerable zone of inhibition for both Gram-positive and Gram–negative bacteria. The outcome implies that the synthesized AgNPs also showed similar inhibition effect as streptomycin (a common reference antibiotic).     

Atomic electronegativity based on hardness and floating spherical gaussian orbital approach

Journal of Mathematical Chemistry - Electronegativity (χ) is an important property of any chemical species as it helps to predict the pattern of physico-chemical interactions. In the present...     

Green analytical chemistry-driven response surface modeling to stability-indicating chromatographic method for estimation of cilnidipine and application of high-performance thin-layer chromatography–mass spectrometry for characterization of degradation products

Cilnidipine is a calcium channel blocker that is used to treat cardiac diseases such as angina and high blood pressure. Several column and planar chromatographic methods for estimating cilnidipine in pharmaceutical dosage forms have been documented. However, these method developments have been carried out employing organic solvents such as acetonitrile, methanol, toluene, chloroform, and others as mobile phase components or as sample pretreatment diluents. These organic solvents are neurotoxic and teratogenic to humans and aquatic animals, according to International Council for Harmonization Q3C (R8) recommendations. According to the green analytical chemistry approach, such organic solvents should be reduced or removed during the development of chromatographic methods for environmental protection and the safety of human and aquatic animal life. As a result, the stability-indicating chromatographic estimation of cilnidipine was performed utilizing less toxic organic solvents. To prevent organic solvent waste during method development, mobile-phase optimization was performed using the design of experiment-based response surface modeling. Cilnidipine has been subjected to hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and dry-heat decomposition to determine its stability. The greenness profiles of the suggested and published chromatographic methods were examined using the national environment method index, analytical greenness calculator, green analytical procedure index software, and eco-scale assessment tool.