Molecular emission cavity analysis: Part 21. Effect of Phosphoric Acid on the Determination of Sulphate

Phosphoric acid at levels above 10^-3 M depresses the S₂ emission from sulphate, but concentrations up to 0.1 M may be necessary to eliminate cationic interferences.     

Ag(I) complexes with alkylidene-bis(2-aminopyrimidines) as building units for discrete metallomacrocyclic frames. A structural and solution study

Alkylidene-bis(2-aminopyrimidines) (pyr2Cx, x = 2-5) are useful ligands to interact with Ag(I) yielding discrete metallocycles. Crystal structures of the [(pyr2C2)Ag(NO3)]2 and [(H-pyr2C4)Ag(NO3)2]2 have been isolated where each macrocyclic moiety interacts with their surroundings through weak interactions, yielding 3D discrete structures, On the other hand, the solution study shows that the equilibrium constants for the formation of Ag(pyr2Cx)+ complexes are higher than the literature values for Ag(I) complexes with single pyrimidines, although the differences could be explained by invoking the solid-state structures of the Ag(I)-pyr2Cx complexes.     

Analytical applications of the o-dianisidine-persulfate reaction: Kinetic determination of silver and cobalt

A kinetic method for the silver determination based on the catalytic effect of Ag(I) on the oxidation of o-dianisidine by persulfate at pH = 4.5 in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline is proposed. Ag(I) can be determined by measuring the absorbance of the reaction product at 450 nm, using the fixed time method. Co(II) does not have a catalytic effect in the reaction, but in the simultaneous presence of silver and cobalt the reaction shows an induction period the length of which is related to the Ag/Co molar ratio. As a consequence, two new methods for the determination of cobalt and silver using the induction period method are proposed. The two methods for silver are applied to the determination of silver in lead.     

Simple and rapid determination of the drug naproxen in pharmaceutical preparations by heavy atom-induced room temperature phosphorescence

A simple, selective and sensitive heavy atom-induced room temperature phosphorimetric method (HAI-RTP) is described for the determination of naproxen (NAP) in pharmaceutical preparations. The phosphorescence signals are a consequence of intermolecular protection when analytes are, exclusively, in presence of a heavy atom salt and sodium sulfite as an oxygen scavenger to minimize RTP quenching. These variables selection constitute the basis of a HAI-RTP method for the determination of naproxen (detection limit 17.6 ng ml(-1); 1.71% relative standard deviation at 250 ng ml(-1)). The method has been applied satisfactorily to the analysis of pharmaceutical preparations.     

Highly enantioselective Cu-catalysed asymmetric 1,4-addition of diphenylzinc to cyclohexenone

Highly enantioselective Cu-catalysed 1,4-addition of diphenylzinc to cyclohexenone has been achieved for the first time using a monodentate phosphoramidite ligand.     

Stabilization of cobalt(II) chloro-complexes with the butanediammonium cation

Summary Cobalt(II) chlorocomplexes with empirical formulae (bnH₂)₂CoCl₆·2H₂O (1) and (bnH₂)₂CoCl₆ (2), where bnH ₂ ²⁺ represents the diprotonated species of putrescine (1,4-butanediamine), were prepared.The visible spectra in the solid state and measurement of the magnetic moments permit the assignation of an octahedral geometry for cobalt in (1) and a tetrahedral geometry for (2).     

Determination of molybdenum, chromium and aluminium in human urine by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using fast-programme methodology

Rapid and direct procedures for the determination of molybdenum, chromium and aluminium in human urine samples are developed. Fast-programme methodology is used to simplify the heating cycles. Hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid and Triton X-100 are added to the urine samples which are directly introduced into the furnace. For molybdenum, two successive injection steps are required due to the low level of this element in the samples analyzed. Calibration is carried out using aqueous standards for aluminium and the standard additions method for both molybdenum and chromium. The reliability of the procedures is checked by analyzing two certified reference materials.     

Characterization of three agave species by gas chromatography and solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Steam distillation (SD) extraction-solid-phase microextraction coupled to GC-MS was developed for the determination of terpenes and Bligh-Dyer extraction-derivatization coupled with GC for the determination of fatty acids such as ethyl esters were used. It was found that the three different Agave species have the same profile of fatty acids; the quantity of these compounds is different in each Agave variety. On the other hand, different terpenes were identified in the three Agave plants studied: nine in A. salmiana, eight in A. angustifolia and 32 in A. tequilana Weber var. azul.     

Ca(2.5)Sr(0.5)GaMn2O8: diamagnetic Ga in control of the structural and electronic properties of a bilayered manganate

The temperature dependence of the crystal structure and electronic properties of brownmillerite-like Ca(2.5)Sr(0.5)GaMn(2)O(8) has been studied by neutron powder diffraction and muSR spectroscopy. The results show that short-range 2D magnetic order begins to develop within the perovskite-like bilayers of MnO(6) octahedra approximately 50 K above the 3D Néel temperature of approximately 150 K. The bilayers show a structural response to the onset of magnetism throughout this temperature range whereas the GaO(4) layers that separate the bilayers only respond below the 3D ordering temperature. XANES spectroscopy shows that the sample contains Mn(3+) and Mn(4+) cations in a 1:1 ratio, and the behavior in the region of the Néel transition is interpreted as a local charge ordering. Electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy have been used to show that the local microstructure is more complex than the average structure revealed by neutron diffraction, and that microdomains exist in which the GaO(4) tetrahedra show different orientations. It is argued that the bonding requirements of diamagnetic gallium control the electronic behavior within the perovskite-like bilayers.     

TTT Cure Diagram

Curing reactions of the epoxy system consisting of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (BADGE n=0) and m-xylylenediamine (m-XDA) were studied to calculate time-temperature-transformation (TTT) isothermal cure diagram for this system. Gel times were measured as a function of temperature using solubility test. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to calculate the vitrification times. DSC data show a one-to-one relationship between T _g and fractional conversion, a independent of cure temperature. As a consequence, T _g can be used as a measure of conversion. The activation energy for the polymerization overall reaction was calculated from the gel times obtained using the solubility test (41.5 kJ mol^-1). This value is similar to the results obtained for other similar epoxy systems. Isoconversion contours were calculated by numerical integration of the best fitting kinetic model. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.