Position dependent heavy atom effect in physical triplet quenching by electron donors

The radical yields and rate constants in the quenching reaction of thionine triplet with the complete series of monohalogen substituted anilines as electron donors were determined by flash spectroscopy. Whereas the quenching rate constants show little and unsystematic variation, the radical yields decrease with increasing spin—orbit coupling constant of the halogen substituent. This effect is very sensitive to the position of the halogen in the donor. The results are explained in terms of a heavy atom effect on the intersystem crossing rate constant in a triplet exciplex.     

Über die Anwendung der Kohlepaste-Elektrode zur inversvoltammetrischen Bestimmung kleiner Quecksilbermengen

The applicability of the carbon paste electrode to the determination of trace quantities of mercury has been investigated in a base electrolyte of 0.1 N KSCN + 0.025 N HCl containing 25 ng/ml copper. The detection limit of the mercury determination has a value near 2.5 ng/ml (1.25×10^?8 M), if pre-electrolysis is carried out 10 min at ?1.0 V and the current voltage curve is registered with a scan rate of 16.7 mV/sec between ?0.5 and +0.5 V. The peak height is directly proportional to the concentration in the range from 1.25×10^?8 to 1.25×10^?6 M. With appropriate preconditioning the carbon paste electrode can be used for several measurements without renewing the surface.     

Eine einfache Methode zur Bestimmung von Spurenmengen Kobalt (II)-ionen auf katalytischer Grundlage

Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, nach der, gegebenenfalls unter Zuhilfenahme von Testlösungen, Spurenmengen von Co²⁺ in einem Konzentrationsbereich von 10 mg bis zu 0,001 mg herab in 1 ml sich recht genau auf Grund der Katalyse der H₂O₂-Indigocarminreaktion in Gegenwart von Calciumcarbonat als Träger bestimmen lassen. Da das Volumen der Versuchslösung stets 60 ml beträgt (siehe oben), beläuft sich die kleinste noch bestimmbare Co²⁺-Konzentration auf 10^–6 g Co²⁺ in 60 ml was einer Verdünnung von 16·10⁷ entspricht. In bezug auf diese Empfindlichkeit steht die Methode den colorimetrischen bzw. spektrophotometrischen^1,6 und auch den komplexchemischen⁷ Verfahren nicht nach. Sie bietet aber im Vergleich mit diesen insofern gewisse Vorteile, als man die störenden Fremdionen meist nicht zu entfernen braucht, was auf eine beträchtliche Zeitersparnis hinauskommt. Schließlich ist die katalytische Methode, für die mit entsprechenden Abänderungen auch eine Temperatur von 30° C genügen würde, in ihrer Handhabung und Ausführung sehr einfach und bedarf, abgesehen vom Thermostaten, keiner kostspieligen Apparatur.     

Mass-selected resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation spectra of laser-desorbed molecules for environmental analysis: 16 representative polycyclic aromatic compounds

Mass-selected gas-phase UV spectra of laser-desorbed molecules at room temperature have been measured via resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation (REMPI) and time-of-flight mass selection. The wavelength range of 260 to 320 nm is optimal for detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using REMPI-mass spectrometry. A new laser desorption/laser ionisation source has been used which features a compact size and thermal equilibrium of the desorbed molecules. 16 PAHs have been investigated which have been selected by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These 16 EPA-PAHs are commonly used world-wide to characterise the PAH-load of environmental samples.     

Femptovoltmeter (10−15 Volt) based on a double Josphson junction resistive interferometer

A voltmeter of sensitivity is based on direct conversion of the voltage to be measured into a frequency according to the Josephson voltage-frequency relation. Selfpumped parametric amplification in a d.c. biased loop containing two Josephson junctions and a measuring resistanceR _s=4.7×10^–9 amplifies the femptovolt level voltages acrossR _s to microvolt levels that can be observed with a room temperature amplifier. The sensitivity of the femptovoltmeter is determined by Johnson-Nyquist noise voltages at 4.2 K in the 4.7×10^–9 resistance.     

A theoretical study of the electromagnetic properties of ferrocene and the ferrocenium ion

An iterative extended Hückel molecular orbital calculation was used to obtain wave functions for the ground state of ferrocene and several low lying states of the ferrocenium ion. Photoemission spectra in terms of relative ionization potentials and the electric field gradient at the iron nucleus were calculated for ferrocene andg values and the electric field gradient were calculated for the ferrocenium ion. These values are in good agreement with experiment. The nature of the molecular orbitals was compared with results of previous semi-empirical andab initio calculations.     

Structures of Addition Products of Acetylenedicarboxylic Acid Esters with Various Dinucleophiles. An application of C,H-spin-coupling constants

Heterocyclic compounds obtained by addition of acetylenedicarboxylic acid esters to thioureas, cyclic amidines and o-difunctionalized aromatic systems have been studied by ¹³C-NMR. In particular, C, H-spin-coupling constants over two and three bonds were used to differentiate between the various constitutional isomers and to establish the configuration of trisubstituted exocyclic C, C-double bonds. The configurational significance and diagnostic value of vicinal cis and trans C,H-spin coupling is again demonstrated in the present series.     

Beiträge zur Chemie des Phosphors. 167 [1, 2]. Konstitutions- und Konfigurationsisomere von Pentaphosphan(7), P5H7

Contributions to the Chemistry of Phosphorus. 167. Constitutional and Configurational Isomers of Pentaphosphane(7), P₅H₇ Phosphane mixtures containing 10—15 P-% of pentaphosphane(7), P₅H₇, are obtained by thermolysis of diphosphane, P₂H₄, or as residue from distillation of crude diphosphane [3]. According to the complete analysis of the ³¹P{¹H}-NMR spectrum on the basis of selective population transfer experiments, P₅H₇ exists as a mixture of three diastereomers of n-P₅H₇ — 1a (erythro, erythro), 1b (erythro, threo), 1c (threo, threo) — and of the constitutional isomer 2-phosphinotetraphosphane 2 (iso-P₅H₇, largest relative isomeric abundance). The correlation between the diastereomers and the observed spin systems results from the preferred gauche orientation of neighboring free electron pairs, the dependence of ¹J(PP) on dihedral angles, and the ³J(PP) long range couplings. From the ³¹P-NMR data of the phosphane molecules P_nH_n+2 with n = 1—5 general relationships for the δ(³¹P) values and the ¹J(PP) coupling constants of chain-type phosphorus hydrides as a function of their structural parameters are derived.     

Photodissociation of state-selected cluster ions studied by mass-selective, pulsed-field threshold ionization spectroscopy

Delayed pulsed-field ionization of long-lived high Rydberg states yields vibrationally and partly rotationally resolved spectra of polyatomic molecular ions and of cluster ions when the resulting threshold ions are measured as a function of the excitation energy. The field ionized threshold ions are monitored and separated from the non-energy-selected ions in a reflecting field mass spectrometer with high mass resolution. The decay of the molecular or cluster ion core is monitored by the appearance of threshold ions at the daughter ion mass as a function of the selectively excited vibrational state. In this way, upper limits for dissociation thresholds of neutral and ionized dimers are obtained which are smaller than recent theoretical values from the literature. The appearance of daughter fragment ions after delayed pulsed-field ionization indicates that high Rydberg orbits are not destroyed by the dissociation of the core. Possible applications of our technique for the production of state-selected ions are discussed.