QCD cascade model in deep inelastic scattering

We develop a new QCD cascade model for jets in deep inelastic scattering. We use the light-like axial gauge whose gauge vector is parallel to momentum of the initial parton so that only final partons cascade. Due to this feature we can generate events for any given virtualityQ ² andx _B =Q ²/2Pq.     

Amorphous GaP produced by ion implantation

Two types of non-crystalline states (“disordered” and “amorphous”) of GaP were produced by using ion implantation and post annealing. A structural-phase-transition-like annealing behaviour from the “disordered” state to the “amorphous” state was observed.The ion dose dependence and the annealing behaviour of the atomic structure of GaP implanted with 200 keV ? N⁺ ions were studied by using electron diffraction, backscattering and volume change measurements. The electronic structure was also investigated by measuring optical absorption and electrical conductivity.The implanted layer gradually loses the crystalline order with the increase of the nitrogen dose.The optical absorption coefficient α and electric conductivity σ of GaP crystals implanted with 200 keV?N⁺ ions of 1 × 10¹⁶ cm^?2 were expressed as αhν = C(hν ? E₀)ⁿ and log $\text{σ = A ? BT}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>-</mtext><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}$, respectively. Moreover, the volume of the implanted layer increased about three percent and the electron diffraction pattern was diffused halo whose intensity monotonically decreases along the radial direction. These results indicate that the as-implanted layer has neither a long range order nor a short range order (“disordered state”).In the sample implanted at 1 × 10¹⁶ cm^?2, a structural phase-transition-like annealing stage was observed at around 400°C. That is, the optical absorption coefficient α abruptly fell off from 6 × 10⁴ to 7 × 10³ cm^?1 and the volume of the implanted layer decreased about 2% within an increase of less than 10 degrees in the anneal temperature. Moreover, the short range order of the lattice structure appeared in the electron diffraction pattern. According to the backscattering experiment, the heavily implanted GaP was still in the non-crystalline state even after annealing.These facts lead us to believe that heavily implanted GaP, followed by annealing at around 400°C, is in the “amorphous” state, although as-implanted Gap is not in the “amorphous” state but in the “disordered” state.     

Invar effects on some iron-base amorphous alloys

The thermal expansion and magnetic properties of Fe-B and Fe-P amorphous alloys prepared from melts have been investigated. These amorphous alloys show distinct Invar characteristics. heir magnetic properties are also very similar to those of Fe-Ni crystalline Invar alloys; that is, the high-field susceptability and forced-volume magnetostriction are remarkably large, the magnetic moment per Fe atom does not increase linearly, the Curie temperature decreases with a decrease in concentration of B or P, and their reduced their magnetization curves are much flatter than those of crystalline pure Fe.     

Angle-resolved photoemission of the c(2 × 2) and c(3 × 1) oxygen overlayers on Fe(110)

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy utilizing synchrotron radiation has been used to study the band structure of the c(2×2) and (3×1) oxygen overlayers on Fe(110). The symmetries of the O-2p-derived states at the center of the surface Brillouin zone $\text{(}\text{Γ}\text{)}$ were identified using polarized light. At $\text{Γ}$ the p_xp_y- and p_z-derived levels are at about 5.5 and 7.0 eV below the Fermi level, respectively, for both ordered overlayers. The p-states of the c(2×2)-O structure show very little dispersion (?0.1 eV) with $\text{k}{}_{\mathrm{}}$. On the other hand, the c(3×1)-O overlayer exhibits considerable dispersion of ～1.6 eV. The essential features of the measured dispersion are reproduced well by the dispersion predicted in a qualitative way for an isolated c(3×1) oxygen monolayer.     

Magnetic behavior of Fe0.2Mg0.8TiO3 and Fe0.3Mg0.7TiO3 probed by Mössbauer timescale

Magnetization and Mössbauer measurements have been made on a diluted antiferromagnets Fe_xMg_1?xTiO₃ with x=0.2, 0.3 and 0.7. It has been demonstrated that this system exhibits a spin glass or a reentrant spin glass like behavior in the samples with x around the percolation concenrration x_c≈0.25. It has been shown that various sizes of magnetic clusters are formed well above the transition temperatures determined by the magnetization measurements in the samples with x near x_c. The behavior of Fe_0.2Mg_0.8TiO₃ is discussed as a typical cluster glass.     

Discovery of temperature-dependent phenomena of muon-catalyzed fusion in solid deuterium and tritium mixtures

A systematic experimental study on muon-catalyzed fusion was conducted using a series of solid deuterium and tritium mixtures. A variety of conditions were investigated, i.e., tritium concentrations from 20% to 70%, and temperatures from 5 to 16 K. With decreasing temperature, we observed an unexpected decrease in the muon cycling rate (lambda(c)) and an increase in the muon loss probability (W). The origins of these observed changes were interpreted by the temperature-dependence in the dt mu formation process for lambda(c) and that in the muon reactivation process after muon-to-alpha sticking for W.     

Tensor analyzing power T 20 of the dd → 3Hen and dd → 3Hp reactions at zero angle for energies 140, 200, and 270 MeV

RIKEN Accelerator Research Facility data on the tensor analyzing power T ₂₀ of the dd → ³Hen and dd → ³Hp reactions at zero angle for deuteron kinetic energies of 140, 200, and 270 MeV are reported. The observed positive sign of T ₂₀ clearly demonstrates the sensitivity to the D/S-wave ratio in the ³He and ³H wave functions in the energy range of the experiment. Data on T ₂₀ for the ³Hen channel are in agreement with those for the ³Hp channel within the experimental errors.     

Optimization of the surface texture for silicon carbide sliding in water

Surface texturing has been recognized as an effective means to improve the tribological performances of sliding surfaces. Usually, generation additional hydrodynamic pressure to increase the load carrying capacity is regarded as the most significant effect of surface texture. In the case of silicon carbide sliding against identical material in water, the experimental results indicate that surface texture is also helpful to improve the running-in progress to smooth the contact surfaces, showing another reason to result in low friction. Based on the consideration of enhancing the generation of hydrodynamic pressure and improving running-in progress, a surface texture pattern, which was combined with large (circle, 350 μm in diameter) and small (rectangular, 40 μm in length) dimples, was designed to maximize the texture effect on the load carrying capacity of SiC surfaces sliding in water. The friction coefficient of such textured surface was evaluated and compared with that of untextured and those only with large or small dimples only. The friction reduction mechanisms of the patterns with different dimples in size are discussed.