Observation of fractal nanoclusters on the pulsed laser deposition of gold

The results of studying the fractal structure of Au clusters arising in pulsed laser deposition under conditions of strong deviations from thermodynamic equilibrium are presented. A mechanism is suggested in which the formation of fractal nanoclusters is considered as a result of the decay of a strongly correlated initial state in a non-equilibrium system of adatoms. The geometrical shape of the fractal structures observed experimentally can be described within the given mechanism, and their dimensionality can be estimated.     

The Coster-Kronig process used to study the transition of metal nanoclusters into a nonmetallic state

The results of an experimental study of the Coster-Kronig process in copper nanoclusters obtained by a pulsed laser deposition technique are presented. It is established that the Köster-Krönig process probability depends on the cluster size and is determined by the possibility of a transition of the metal cluster into a state in which copper exhibits no metallic properties.     

Observation of dynamic effects in the percolation transition in a “ nonwetting liquid-nanoporous body” system

Filling of a nanoporous body with liquid metal upon pulsed pressure buildup to a level far exceeding the percolation-threshold critical pressure was experimentally studied. The onset of the oscillating filling regime was observed. It disappears on bringing pressure down to a value lower than the percolation-transition critical pressure and on increasing the characteristic time of pressure buildup above threshold. A model is suggested allowing the explanation of the observed effects.     

Operads and varieties of algebras defined by polylinear identities

We show that varieties of algebras over abstract clones and over the corresponding operads are rationally equivalent. We introduce the class of operads (which we call commutative for definiteness) such that the varieties of algebras over these operads resemble in a sense categories of modules over commutative rings. In particular, the notions of a polylinear mapping and the tensor product of algebras. The categories of modules over commutative rings and the category of convexors are examples of varieties over commutative operads. By analogy with the theory of linear multioperator algebras, we develop a theory of C-linear multioperator algebras; in particular, of algebras, defined by C-polylinear identities (here C is a commutative operad). We introduce and study symmetric C-linear operads. The main result of this article is as follows: A variety of C-linear multioperator algebras is defined by C-polylinear identities if and only if it is rationally equivalent to a variety of algebras over a symmetric C-linear operad.     

Nanometer-precision contour-measurement technique for the diagnostics of multilayer nanostructures

A new technique of contour measurements with nanometer precision for the diagnostics of multilayer structures and other samples applied in optical and silicon technologies, and metal processing is proposed. This paper describes the development of two main technical solutions to achieve and verify nanometer resolution of the contour measuring instrument—single-crystal-silicon guide and test plates. The use of a crystal as a linear guide gives the possibility to achieve long-term stability of its bearing surface within a few nanometers. A test sample of a multilayer structure is developed and its parameters are controlled by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). The results of measuring test samples with a step height of 100 and 200 nm by means of the contour measurement technique are presented.     

Fast Spontaneous Transport of a Non-wetting Fluid in a Disordered Nanoporous Medium

Transport in Porous Media - The experimental study of cooperative fast transport of non-wetting fluid in a disordered nanoporous medium is carried out in this work. New experimental data for...